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  • 學位論文

低成本高效率太陽能電池元件使用漫反射鏡之模擬研究

Low Cost All-Dielectric Thin-Film Solar Cell Using Diffuse Medium Reflectors

指導教授 : 林詩淳 沈昌宏

摘要


本論文前兩個章節對於太陽能電池進行基本介紹,簡介太陽能電池原理以及文獻回顧,發現介電質鏡近年來經常出現在太陽能電池的應用,因為成本低、製成溫度低、高產出、和傳統金屬比較下,沒有金屬電漿吸收造成的損失,另外,鑲嵌的在漫反射器中的散射物質,能提高光捕捉機制。並且發現漫反射器提供隨機的光散射,散射的太陽光子是往隨機方向,這項特性造成漫反射器優越的光捕捉特性。然而,過去不論怎麼樣的努力,都無法將介電反射鏡結合太陽光電系統,因為反射帶的頻寬不足,光線散射也不足,讓介電反射鏡的廣泛用途受阻。 第三章中,利用頻域耦合波方法,針對兩種漫反射器進行反射率的模擬,分別模擬有序陣列及無序陣列的二氧化鈦漫反射器,發現無序陣列的二氧化鈦漫反射器所得到的寬反射帶。同時發現散射物質二氧化鈦的幾何形狀非常重要,在特定的半徑與高度範圍內,才能提供所需的寬反射帶,因此只要使二氧化鈦的幾何形狀最佳化後,將其隨機分佈做為漫反射器,便能得到寬反射帶的反射鏡。最後使用時域有限差分法來驗證結果。 在第三章第二段接著模擬漫反射鏡利用在薄膜太陽能電池上的效能,並和傳統金屬背反射器進行光捕捉機制的比較,最後利用近場角度輻射,畫成單位時間內電磁場的能量通量的波印庭向量(Ponynting vector),比較反射鏡的光散射性質。證實漫反射鏡優越的光散射性質,儘管沒有表面電漿子激發,仍然能讓大幅度提升太陽能電池的轉換效率,並發現金屬鏡和漫反射鏡的矽積分吸收率大約相同,代表兩者具有相同的光捕捉能力,但太陽光電系統未來應該選用介電反射鏡,因為成本低、低溫製成、高產出、沒有電漿吸收損失的優點,而這些優點是金屬反射鏡所無法達到的。 第四章透過實驗製作出薄膜矽太陽能電池,並將數個不同的金屬以及油漆(漫反射器)作為反射鏡沉積塗佈在下方,藉此比較金屬與油漆的反射率,以及應用在太陽能電池上的能力。而實驗結果發現漫反射器能使薄膜太陽能電池效率提升最多,因為它沒有電漿吸收所造成的損失,又具有成本低、低溫製成、高產出等優點,未來能夠通過波動光學設計和最佳化,改善反射率和霧度的參數,應用在光伏效應上。

關鍵字

漫反射器 無續陣列

並列摘要


In first two chapters of thesis, basic introduce solar cells and do some literature review. Dielectric mirrors have recently emerged for solar cells due to the advantages of lower cost, lower temperature processing, higher throughput, and zero plasmonic absorption as compared to conventional metallic counterparts. The light trapping mechanism is enhanced by embedded TiO2 scatterers. In chapter 3, used RCWA calculate the reflectance of an ordered and disordered TiO2 array and found the disordered one had much wider reflectance.A randomly distributed TiO2 diffuse reflector will be discussed, and the result is then confirmed by a time domain method using FDTD calculation. In this work, it is shown that scatterers geometry is very important for diffuse reflector. Last part of chapter 3 has been proven that dielectric mirrors can be widely applicable to thin-film and thick wafer-based solar cells to provide for light trapping comparable to conventional metallic back reflectors at their respective optimal geometries. Finally, the near-field angular emission plot of Poynting vectors is conducted, and it further confirms the superior light-scattering property of dielectric mirrors, especially for diffuse medium reflectors, despite the absence of surface plasmon excitation. The experimental results also confirm the high feasibility of dielectric mirrors for photovoltaics.

參考文獻


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