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  • 學位論文

運用Malmquist指數分析全球記憶體廠商經營績效

Apply Malmquist Index Approach to Evaluate Operation Performance of Global Memory IC Manufacturers

指導教授 : 林亭汝

摘要


自2007年以來,由於記憶體IC市場的高度競爭,終端市場價格不斷滑落。台灣與國外的記憶體大廠的經營效率比較不斷滑落。過去幾年中,已有兩家國外大廠因營運困難而宣布無力償還債務或申請破產保護。同時,台灣的DRAM廠商則在2007年後(除力晶於2010年維持獲利)幾乎沒有能夠在年度財報上獲利的。 本研究主要欲透過資料包絡分析模型為基礎,引用Malmquist指數分析台灣與國外記憶體公司的跨期經營效率變化(會計年度:2007-2011)。 欲瞭解整體記憶體IC產業的近年發展,本研究收集最新的市場資料,從中提供整體半導體產業的發展趨勢與未來的技術走向。再從記憶體IC可能的發展方向與現今國際大廠Samsung、Hynix、Micron的技術層次比較以瞭解目前整體產業未來的發展性與重要挑戰。 唯有透過產業背景的分析,進而瞭解以Malmquist指數分析後所得到的效率比較與跨期效率變化可能含概的背後象徵意義。本研究在分析各公司的效率差異與跨期效率變化後再佐以實際公司營運現況、產能與資本支出來客觀提供一個具有參考價值與相對客觀的研究資料。 目前的全球記憶體產業現況看來,三國鼎立的態勢已經悄然成形,本研究提供產業面與政策面極需改善的本質問題,希冀台灣廠商能夠在這場高競爭無投資報酬價值的產業中減少傷害地退出市場或是徹底改變營運方向尋找避風港,避開在紅海市場(標準型DRAM與NAND Flash)的直接競爭。

並列摘要


Memory IC industry is in a highly competitive market. The contract and spot market price have trended down dramatically since 2007. The operation performance for most Taiwan Memory IC makers is therefore continuing to descend, which are not comparable to its business rivals in US and Korea. Besides, two major DRAM companies: Qimonda and Elpida already filed for insolvency and bankruptcy protection in 2008 and 2012 respectively. In the mean time, none of Taiwan DRAM companies could turn into profit for its annual business operation since 2007 (except Powerchip Technology Corp. in 2010). This study is based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and adopts Malmquist productivity index to analyze the operation performance change over time (fiscal year: 2007-2011) between Taiwan based memory IC manufacturers and global memory IC manufacturers. In order to get better picture regarding to the overall memory IC industry evoluation, most updated market information, intellgence and reports are supplemented in this study. It assists to analyze the overall semiconductor industry technology roadmap and development trend. Further more, it provides the insight of IC industry and key challenges by understanding the memory IC development trend and technology advancement comparison among Samsung, SK-Hynix and Micron technology camp. Through understanding memory IC industry background, this could explicate the result and implications of DEA and Malmquist index analysis. In this study, the analysis result also incorporate with current operation status, capacity/utilization and actual capital spending history of selected companies, which helps providing a relative fair and objective evaluation. In the global memory IC industry, the Top-3 leading players have been gradually formed. This study addresses some fundamental issues for industry and government as reference. It is anticipated that the stakeholders to formulate a better business policy, and expects Taiwan DRAM memory companies looking into alternative direction for better business opportunity with minimal risk. Focus on the strategy to avoid confronting key giants in the highly competitive (purely cost driven) commodity memory IC markets (PC DRAM and NAND Flash).

參考文獻


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