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  • 學位論文

以最佳化擊球參數實現可指定落點之擊球機器人

Realization of a Robot to Hit a Ball to a Designated Location with Optimal Ball-Batting Parameters

指導教授 : 蕭得聖

摘要


本研究使用高速雙眼視覺系統辨識投球者所投出的球,並使用球體飛行模型預測飛行軌跡,再利用最佳化方法求解擊球參數,搭配自行設計的四軸機械手臂,可控制球擊出後的飛行落點。 在高速雙眼視覺系統中,可辨識高速飛行下之球體,再透過相機校正以及立體視覺,可將球體位置從二維影像平面轉換到三維空間,並且利用切換影像處理區域以及程式的平行化運算,來提高影像處理速度,實現短時間內之即時運算,並考慮更接近真實的球體飛行模型,首先分析球體在空中之受力,並建構一考慮重力以及空氣阻力的影響之球體飛行模型,使用Extended Kalman Filter估測較精準之初始位置及速度代入模型即可疊代出未來之球體飛行位置及速度,而在機械手臂方面,推導出機械手臂動態模型,使用參數估測法求得手臂未知參數,並設計控制器來控制手臂,使手臂可以追隨所設定之軌跡位置以及速度,在擊球時間點到達擊球點以及達到所需的擊球速度。 最後,整合碰撞模型以及球體擊出至指定落點之各種條件,並用一最佳化方法求解擊球參數,再透過RS232將擊球參數傳輸至高效能數位訊號處理器來即時規劃軌跡與擊球,可達到使擊出之球達到指定之落點之目標。

並列摘要


This thesis is dedicated to the design and implementation of a four-joint robot in order to bat a flying ball to a designated location. The ball-batting robot uses a high-speed binocular vision system to identify the position of a ball in the 3D space. A flight model which takes into account the influence of gravity and air resistance is constructed to predict the ball’s flying trajectory by extended Kalman filtering. Then the flight model is integrated with the collision model such that the contact point and the contact time for accomplishing the ball-batting task can be obtained by solving a constrained optimization problem. Through RS232 communication, the predicted contact point and the desired velocity of the racket are sent from the image processing unit (a personal computer) to the motion controller (a high-performance DSP processor) of the robot for path planning. Then the robot is commanded to hit the ball on the predicted contact point and time with desired velocity and orientation.

參考文獻


[1] 李宜熹, ”具控制打擊後球體軌跡能力之擊球機器人設計與實現”,交通大學,碩士論文,民國100年
[4] 黃志誠,”基於單眼視覺之擊球機器人設計與實現”,交通大學,碩士論文,民國99年
[5] T. Senoo, A. Namiki, and M. Ishihawa, "Ball Control in High-Speed Batting Motion Using Hybrid Trajectory Generator" , IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, New York, pp.1762-1767, 2006.
[8] P. M. Fuchs," Physical Model, Theoretical Aspects and Applications of the Flight of a Ball in the Atmosphere.", Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences,Vol.14,447-460,1991
[10] Z. Zhang, D. Xu, M. Tan, "Visual Measurement and Prediction of Ball Trajectory for Table Tennis Robot," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.59, no.12, pp.3195-3205, 2010.

被引用紀錄


王嘉維(2017)。以相機陣列實現高速即時物體追蹤及飛行軌跡估測〔碩士論文,國立交通大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0030-2212201712263348

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