資料倉儲系統評選之研究

Data Warehouse System Evaluation and Selection Decisions

林華洋(Hua-Yang Lin)

指導教授 ： 許秉瑜

國立中央大學/管理學院/企業管理學系/博士(2006年)

摘要

資料倉儲是一個相當新的研究領域，因此，相關文獻的探討與分析，對於目前學術的研究主題及未來的研究方向將是非常有用的。在本研究中，我們提出一個基於商業維度生命週期的分類架構，此分析包含231篇經過確認與資料倉儲主題有關的文章，這些文章被發表在超過50種國際期刊上，發表年份介於1994年與2005年之間。這些文章是依據下列六個主要研究主題來分類：計畫管理、資料設計、架構、實作、部署及維護與其他主題。資料倉儲提供許多有潛力的研究領域，依據此分類架構，有一些在本文章所討論的領域，直至目前尚未有相關的研究發表，例如：資料倉儲產品的選擇。
隨著組織內部導入愈來愈多不同種類的軟體系統，如何選擇適當的軟體來滿足組織的需求，已經變成一個重要的決策議題。軟體選擇的方法應該要能夠同時評估有形及無形準則的相對重要性。分析層級程序法是一種廣為應用在多評準決策問題的決策方法，軟體選擇決策利用階層化的結構來選擇及評估特定應用領域的套裝軟體，本研究探討分析層級程序法應用在不同軟體選擇決策的可行性。
本研究調查台灣地區的中小企業及大型企業在資料倉儲系統評選決策時的考量，此研究的目的在於瞭解影響中小企業及大型企業選擇資料倉儲系統的重要因素。在本研究中，我們建立一個基於分析層級程序法的評選架構，此評選架構同時包含技術及管理因素，分析層級程序法用來檢驗資料倉儲評選準則及次準則的相對重要性。研究結果顯示，中小企業在評選資料倉儲系統時主要強調在成本及供應商的部分，而大型企業專注在技術的部分。
有愈來愈多的公司想透過找尋資料倉儲的解決方案來獲得商業上的利益，因此，建立一個決策輔助的方法來幫助企業選擇一個適當的資料倉儲系統是有需要的，因為，資料倉儲系統的評選通常是昂貴且費時的。在本研究中，我們同時提出分析層級程序法及模糊多準則決策方法來改善在評選資料倉儲系統時的決策過程及降低所需的時間。分析層級程序法用來檢視資料倉儲系統評選準則、次準則及不同產品間的相對重要性。由於模糊或不明確的的概念常常發生在決策的環境中，本研究也提出一基於個模糊多準則決策的程序來解決資料倉儲系統評選的問題，在模糊多準則決策方法中，每個評選準則的權重及產品的評分是用語義詞的方式來描述，而這些語義詞是由三角模糊數來表示。一個實際的個案研究用來驗證此兩種方法的有效，研究結果顯示對此個案研究而言，此兩種決策方法建議相同的產品為最適合的資料倉儲系統。

關鍵字

資料倉儲系統 ； 多準則決策 ； 層級分析程序法 ； 模糊理論 ； 中小企業 ； 大型企業 ； 軟體選擇

並列摘要

The study of data warehouse is a relatively new research area therefore an analysis of the literature review could be useful to show what the academics are studying and what can be done for the further research. In this study, a classification framework for data warehouse research based on business dimensional lifecycle was presented. There were two hundred and thirty-one identified articles published on over fifty journals between 1994 and 2005. The articles were classified based on a framework that consists of six major categories: project management, data design, architecture, realization, deployment and maintenance, and others. Data warehousing offers many potential areas for research. According to our classification scheme, there are some areas which discussed in this article have no related research such as data warehousing product selection.
The increasing variety of software systems deployed within organizations, has made selecting appropriate software to optimally fit their requirements a significant decision. The software selection approach should be able to evaluate the relative importance of both tangible and intangible criteria. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a popular methodology for multi-criteria decision-making problems. The software selection decision process has led to the hierarchical structure being applied at each specific application area in evaluating and selecting software packages. This study investigates the feasibility of applying the AHP in various software selection decisions, and also reviews and discusses the criteria used for selecting software systems.
The study investigates the practice of data warehouse system selection decisions for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises (LEs) in Taiwan. The aim of the research is to determine the significant factors that influenced data warehouse system selection of LEs and SMEs. In this study, both technical and managerial factors are considered to structure an evaluation hierarchy based on the AHP. The AHP is used to examine the relative importance of data warehouse system selection criteria and subcriteria. The results indicate that SMEs selecting data warehouse systems which mainly concentrate on cost and vendor criteria, and LEs focus on technical criteria.
The increases of companies that seeking data warehousing solutions to gain significant business advantage has created a need for a decision-aid approach of choosing an appropriate data warehouse system, as data warehouse system evaluation and selection are often costly and time consuming. In this study, both analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM) method are used to improve the decision-making processes and reduce the time in evaluating and selecting a data warehouse system. The AHP is employed to examine the relative importance of data warehouse system selection criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives. Owing to the vague concept frequently encountered in decision environment, a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method is also proposed to solve data warehouse system selection problem. With the fuzzy method, the weight of each criterion and the rating of each alternative are described by linguistic terms expressed in triangular fuzzy numbers. A case study is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the two methods. The result showed that the two methods suggested the same alternative as the most suitable data warehouse system for the case study.

並列關鍵字

Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ； Fuzzy set theory ； Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) ； Large enterprise ； Software selection ； Multi-criteria decision-making ； Data warehouse system

參考文獻

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