營建人機作業指派最佳決策模式之研究

The optiomal model of consstruction operator-machine work assignment.

呂理卿(Li-Ching Lu)

指導教授 ： 顏上堯

國立中央大學/工學院/土木工程學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2006年)

摘要

營建工程近年來為求降低生產成本減少人為誤差及風險，進而提高生產效率與營建品質，在營建自動化的潮流與推廣下，許多施工作業流程多已人工機具化作業模式；噴漿作業即是屬於結合機具與人力之半自動化作業，目前國內營建工程中已被大量採用。惟現實環境中有關機具與人力之半自動化作業調派工作多借由人工經驗主導調派，缺乏以系統化、科學化之數據分析，自然更談不上比較與評估，往往是浪費機具與人力資源之主因其結果必造成工期無法掌握、成本增加。然而有關噴漿人機作業最佳化之研究論述卻寥寥可數，實有深入研究之必要。
針對上述問題本研究以營建人機作業中噴漿作業之指派模式為研究範圍，以整數線性規劃為架構，建立一套數學最佳化模式，依施工之完成期限需求、作業場所面積、機具資源與人力組合資源成本並依施工特性訂定各項限制條之參數，利用LINGO 7.0套裝軟體撰寫電腦程式，求解出最小成本與機具、人力組合之指派。本研究並對各項影響最小支出成本之參數作一敏感度分析，以瞭解因實務狀況改變，各參數變化對運算結果之影響程度，調整各作業場所之人機指派工作，以配合限制條件，甚至可重新檢討限制條件及局部作業場所辦理轉包或外調人力之依據。
為驗證本研究模式之可靠性與實用性，本研究以外牆噴漿工程為範例測試。並依最佳化模式建立而求解的最小成本與一般人工經驗指派方式求出之成本作一比對分析，以證實經過本研究最佳化模式處理後之指派問題，確實較人工經驗指派方法為優。本研究模式可應用於營建工程作業指派之領域，諸如噴漿機之人機作業、預拌混凝土壓送作業、傳統機械攪拌粉刷作業等指派作業，配合修正其不同之限制條件及參數值皆可套用本研究之架構以求得其最小成本之最佳解。研究顯示應用最佳化理論建立人機作業指派之模式為可行，所得成果足供實務界廣為使用。

關鍵字

指派 ； 人機作業 ； 整數規劃 ； 最佳化

並列摘要

In order to cost down and reduce the human deviation as well as risk, the construction Engineer has been improved the efficiencies and qualities recently. Therefore, a lot of facilities and processes have been implemented automatically such as cement mortar spraying process which is one of the semi-auto machines to be widely used in the construction engineering fields. However, we found there are some processes have been improved by scientific and systemic methods at current procedure. For examples: the working assignment under semi-auto machine is not yet using systemic control and logistic analysis to optimize the working models. As a result, the schedule is out of control, not to mention the fact that the engineer can be cost down and get good quality. In order to optimize the processes, this paper will study on the cement mortar spraying optimized processes with logistic and scientific methodologies.
The range in this paper this research will focus on how to handle the assignment of the cement mortar spraying and using the integer program to create an optimized mathematics models. The methods will base on the finish schedule, the area of workmanship, the resource of equipment, the cost of human resource and characteristics of working to define the limits of parameters. Those parameters will use the software of LINGO 7.0 to simulate all of processes so that we can speed up and accuracy to counter the optimization of assignment condition as well as meet the cost down. What’s more, we are able to fine tune the assignment and adjust the working processes to review it precisely by using this software.
To verify the reliability and feasibility, this research will take outside wall cement mortar spraying engineering for examples. This studies and experiences can get the results of the best cost and the optimization of assignment after simulating the analysis. At the same time, it can verify that this simulate is superior to human experience in terns of working assignment. By doing the simulation with software, the experience can be extend to other engineerings such as cement mortar spraying of operator-machine work , ready mixed concrete pump work, traditional machine stirring mortar work and so on. The result of studies proved that the theories of software simulation methodologies are feasible and efficiency to implement on the operator-machine work assignment. It is worthy of introducing this methodology into the construction engineering fields.

並列關鍵字

Integer programming ； optimization ； assignment ； operator-machine work

參考文獻

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