遙測應用於不明廢棄物非法棄置場址調查 辨識之研究

Study on Checking Unknown Illegal Waste Disposal Sites Using Satellite Telemetering

周崇聖(Chung-Sheng Chou)

指導教授 ： 李俊福

國立中央大學/工學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

摘 要
台灣地區地狹人稠，地形特殊，長久以來即存在著土地盜採濫墾並任意棄置廢棄物等非法行為，結果造成環境上之污染與生態上危害。目前環保單位對於相關廢棄物違法棄置案件的稽查，基本上還是以傳統人為及目視方式進行現場巡查，此種方式在基層環保稽查人力不足及先天上主客觀因素條件之限制下，一些不肖業者勾結不法清除公司，將事業廢棄物違法棄置，造成環境重大衝擊之事件，已突顯環保單位在不明廢棄物非法棄置場址之稽查管制策略上有進一步研究及改進之需要。
本研究主要內容即以桃園縣既有非法廢棄物場址為對象，利用資料探勘之方法找出非法廢棄物場址空間分佈特性規則，並以此規則建立高潛勢可能發生廢棄物非法棄置之區域；此外，再針對桃園縣既有非法廢棄物場址之發生時間，調出不同時期衛星遙測影像資料，嘗試找出光譜變化模式，再結合前述高潛勢未來可能發生廢棄物非法棄置之區域進行偵測辨識，俾能改善現行環保單位囿於人力及外在環境之主客觀條件等諸多因素限制，化被動為主動，建立可疑非法棄置場址之主動辨識篩選及常態化監控機制，讓不法業者無所遁形，達到有效防範廢棄物非法棄置之事件發生。
本研究分析結果，非法棄置場址發生機率50%~100%之高潛勢範圍，其面積約為11,285公頃，約占桃園縣總面積之0.094(9.4%)，已明顯縮小了未來可能非法棄置場址稽查及偵測的範圍；另外本研究亦分析發現，部分非法棄置場址之近紅外光波段光譜值隨時間改變之曲線模式相似，而其他波段則無特定變化模式。因此，建議可將近紅外光波段變化模式視為非法棄置場址特定之光譜變化模式，採用此模式對未來桃園縣衛星影像進行比對，以偵測桃園縣高潛勢範圍內是否發生相同光譜變化之情形，再針對可疑位置輔以精密度比較高的航空照片及人工做地毯式的搜索，將不失為目前政府單位針對不明廢棄物非法棄置場址稽查管制之較佳可行方式。

關鍵字

主動辨識篩選 ； 近紅外光波段光譜值 ； 非法棄置場址發生機率 ； 衛星遙測影像 ； 光譜變化模式 ； 空間分佈特性規則 ； 資料探勘 ； 常態化監控機制

並列摘要

Abstract
The characteristic of population distribution in Taiwan is that residents are highly concentrated on long and narrow plain. The behaviors of illegal cutting down tree, cultivating land and waste disposal have been last for a long time, which lead to the environmental pollution and ecological harmfulness. The inspectors from environmental protection bureau now only check the case of the illegal waste disposal, using manpower patrol. Because of the lack of inspectors in basic level and the limitation of objective conditions, a number of business persons can illegally collaborate with waste transportation company to arbitrarily discard business wastes. This leads to a great of impact to environment. Thus, the improvement of checking the illegal waste disposal is necessary and urgent.
The main objective of this study is to find the sites of the illegal waste disposal in Taoyuan County, using data prospection to determine the spatial distribution characteristics of the wastes. Also, the higher potential sites of the waste discarded are regulated based on the above-mentioned principle. In addition, according to the period of the known waste disposal sites was found, the corresponding data obtained from satellite telemetering were used to examine the changes in spectrum so as to check the possible difference between waste disposal sites and no waste disposal ones. The approach is effective to solve the problem of lacking manpower, and the initiative can continuously supervise the behavior of the illegal waste disposal to avoid the case of arbitrarily discarding business wastes.
The obtained results indicated the probability of the illegal waste disposal sites is about 50%~100% among the high potential sites. The area of these sites is approximate 11,285 hectares that covers 9.4% in the whole area of Taoyuan County. This approach will significantly reduce the supervised area of the illegal waste disposal in the further. Another important finding is that the changes in spectrum of near infrared ray for the sites of the partial illegal waste disposal are similar to the changes in period of the applied model. However, the identical result has not been found from the other wave range. Thus, the changes in spectrum of near infrared ray can be regarded as representation of the illegal waste disposal sites. It is necessary for government to compare the model with the satellite image and to check whether or not the identical changes in spectrum for the high potential sites. Then, the possible sites were further checked with precise aviation photos and manpower examination. This can effectively control the sites of the illegal waste disposal.

並列關鍵字

Illegal Waste Disposal ； Near Infrared Ray ； Characteristics of Spatial Distribution ； Data Prospection ； Satellite Telemetering

參考文獻

李根政，毒物島有沒有春天─有害事業廢棄物的回顧及省思，2001

行政院農業委員會林務局農林航空測量所網站

Rovert W. Peters, 1985 USEPA Handbook：Remedial Action at Waste Disposal Sites (Revised)

參考文獻

William C. Blachman, Jr, 1996, ”BASIC HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT”, Second Edition, CRC press, Inc.