亞洲網際網路擴散與數位落差之實證研究

The Diffusion of Internet and the Digital Divide in Asian

郭錦華(Jen-Hwa Kuo)

指導教授 ： 陳忠榮

國立中央大學/管理學院/產業經濟研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本文主要研究亞洲國家及亞洲高所得國家、低所得國家之網際網路擴散的影響因素。同時，探討亞洲高所得國家及低所得國家之間有關社會經濟發展、政府開放政策及社會資源等對數位落差產生的影響因素。
本實證研究對象為亞洲生產力組織(APO：Asian Productivity Organization)的20個國家加上中國，合計21個亞洲國家。研究期間為2000年至2005年。所採用之原始資料皆取自「ITU(International Telecommunication Union) ICT Statistics Database網站」及「世界開發銀行(The World Bank; WDI) 2007年 Indicators網站」資料。估計方法採用傳統Panel Data估計方法。包括Pooling data、固定效果(Fixed effect)及隨機效果(Random effect)，並且以Hausman test(1978)來檢定出最適合本實證的估計方法。
本文實證結果：1.整個亞洲而言，開放寬頻線路市場及電話、行動電話普及率對網際網路擴散為顯著正向影響，人口密度為顯著負向影響。2.亞洲低所得國家而言，開放寬頻線路市場及電話、行動電話普及率對網際網路擴散為顯著正向影響，人口密度為負向影響。3.亞洲高所得國家而言，是否參與世界貿易組織、個人電腦數量、網路主機普及率、行動電話普及人口密度對網際網路擴散為顯著正向影響，國民生產毛額及電話遍佈率為顯著負向影響。

關鍵字

技術擴散 ； 數位落差 ； 網際網路

並列摘要

This thesis attempts to explore the factors of Internet diffusion in Asian countries, high-income countries of Asia and low-income countries. At the same time, also consider the impact of socio-economic development, open government policies and social resources on the digital divide.

The empirical research is for the Asian Productivity Organization (APO: Asian Productivity Organization) of 20 countries plus China, total 21 Asian countries. This is a research for the period 2000 - 2005. The raw data used are taken from the "ITU (International Telecommunication Union) ICT Statistics Database website" and "World Development Bank (The World Bank; WDI) 2007 Indicators site". This thesis adopts panel data estimation methods, including Pooling data, the fixed effect and the random effect technique. Hausman test is used to determine the appropriate estimation method in the empirical study.

The empirical results are listed as follows.
1. For the whole of Asia, opening up the broadband market and telephone penetration rate, mobile phone penetration rate have a significant positive impact on Internet diffusion. Population density has a significantly negative impact.
2. For low-income Asian countries, opening up the broadband market and telephone penetration rate, mobile phone penetration rate have a significant positive impact on Internet diffusion. Population density has a negative impact.
3. For Asian high-income countries, whether or not to participate in the World Trade Organization, the number of personal computers, the Internet host penetration rate, mobile phones penetration rate and population density have a significant positive impact on Internet diffusion. The gross national product and telephone penetration rate have a significantly negative impact.

並列關鍵字

Digital Divide ； Internet ； Technological Diffusion

參考文獻

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13. Canepa, A. and P. Stoneman (2004), “Comparative International Diffusion: Patterns, Determinants and Policies”, Economics of Innovation New Technology, 13, 279- 298.