貨櫃港口之多載量AGV派車問題的研究

Dispatching rules of the multiple-load AGVs at container terminals

劉詠榕(Yung-Jung liu)

指導教授 ： 何應欽

國立中央大學/管理學院/工業管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

貨櫃化運輸是目前世界貿易主要的運輸方式，近年來，大部份船隻的貨櫃可運載量皆趨近於滿載。為了應付頻繁的進出口交易，如何使港口能更有效率的運作，例如在貨櫃卸載作業、貨櫃運送或是貨櫃裝載作業等有效率且快速的被執行，進而增加港口船舶週轉率是一項重要的課題。
自動化物料搬運系統可以有效的提高系統效率，也可以節省人工作業成本，其中又以AGV系統為最常見的自動化搬運設備。在過去，將AGV應用於製造系統中已有廣泛的探討，包括不同的派車法則、車輛數評估、路徑規劃等，而將AGV應用於港口貨櫃搬運作業的討論較少，然而在實務上AGV因貨櫃尺寸大小的不同，可能會是單載量或是多載量。
本研究在港口貨櫃搬運作業自動化的環境下，由AGV半載狀態時的等待策略，結合不同的第一載取派車法則與第二載取派車法則，期望經由模擬實驗求出可最小化AGV服務一艘船的時間，使得船舶停靠在港口的時間變短，因而提高港口船隻週轉率。本研究所發展出的法則和等待策略可分為下列這三部份：
1. AGV等待策略
指的是當AGV為半載狀態，也就是只承載一個20呎貨櫃時，考慮是否要等待且載取下一個20呎貨櫃來達成滿載。
2. 第一載取派車法則
指當AGV狀態為空車且要執行載取貨櫃的動作時，其所選擇要去哪一台Quay Crane進行載取的法則。
3. 第二載取派車法則
指的是當AGV決定等待下一個20呎貨櫃來達成滿載，當Quay Crane有發出20呎貨櫃宣告需要AGV前往載運時，其所選擇要去哪一Quay Crane作業區載取的法則。

關鍵字

載取派車法則 ； 電腦模擬 ； 貨櫃運輸 ； 無人搬運車

並列摘要

The research of this thesis focus on multiple-load AGV waiting strategies and dispatching rules on container terminal. In recent years, the international trade amount of containers have increased year by year which leaded to enhance efficiency and the turnover rate at seaport. Our purpose is to minimize the total time that AGVs service a ship. AGVs are means for horizontal transport of containers between Quay Crane operation area and Stacking Crane operation area.
In this thesis, the proposed control strategy divides the the multiple-load AGV control dispatching problem into two, the first pick-up dispatching rules and second pick-up dispatching rules. The first pick-up dispatching rules determine AGV should go to which Quay Crane for loading container when it is empty. Then the second pick-up dispatching rules determine which Quay Crane that should to service after AGV had loaded a 20ft container. And also the AGV waiting strategies are, if no other Quay Cranes have 20ft container to do, AGV could determine whether stay or not.
Finally, we use simulation programming (Arena 11.0) to analyze the performance such as AGV total service time, Quay Crane average waiting time, AGV average waiting time and difference of different AGV dispatching rules.

並列關鍵字

Pick-Up Dispatching Rules ； Container Terminal ； Computer Simulation ； Multiple-Load AGV

參考文獻

1. Bartholdi, J. J., and Platzman, L. K., 1989, “Decentralised control of automated guided vehicles on a simple loop,” IIE Transactions, Vol.21, No.1, pp.76-81.

2. Bish, E. K., Chen, F. K., Leong, Y. T., Nelson, B. L., Cheong, J. W., and Simchi, D., 2005, “Dispatching vehicles in a mega container terminal,” OR Spectrum, Vol.27, No.4, pp.491-506.

4. Briskorn, D., Drexel, A., and Hartmann, S., 2006, “Inventory-based dispatching of automated guided vehicles on container terminals,” OR Spectrum, Vol.28, No.4, pp.611-630.

5. Egbelu, P. J., and Tanchoco, J. M. A., 1984, “Characterization of automatic guided vehicle dispatching rules,” International Journal of Production Research,Vol.22, No.3, pp.359-374.

6. Evers, J. J. M., and Koppers, S. A. J., 1996, “Automated guided vehicle traffic control at a container terminal,” Transpn. Res.A., Vol.30, No.1, pp.21-34.