應用模擬系統改善存貨管理制度與服務水準之研究-以電線電纜製造業為例

任何一種生產系統，為了使生產排程與營運能順利執行，都一定有庫存，如何針對市場的需求，有效的管理庫存，則是各系統努力追求的目標；企業都希望能在滿足市場需求的前提之下，盡量降低存貨水準，進而達到獲得最低的存貨成本。然而，在實務上，許多從業人員因礙於繁雜的數學公式計算推導，致無法精算各項存貨管理成本數據，更無法以此為基礎，進而對存貨系統的手法與決策變數做深入的探討，造成存貨管理事倍功半。　　本論文鑑於此現象，希望能提供一個較為簡單的方式，降低繁雜的數學計算，供給企業實務上的應用。本文先蒐集T公司的各項存貨成本以及領用請購等歷史資料，並轉換成可用之數據，利用模擬軟體建立一個模擬實務流程的模型。接著利用其內建的最佳解功能探討存貨管理的決策變數是否有改善的空間；再者，為改善現在該公司的服務水準，希望從存貨管理的方法作探討。結合動態與預測方法，使得每一期的決策變數皆會隨著實際需求值的不同而不同，再與前者現行方式做比較，探討其中的差異性，並做為決策之參考。　　在此研究中，我們也發現電腦模擬系統，確實能提供比較容易操作的方式。一旦將模擬模型建立完成後，僅需調整參數值，即能快速得到各相對應的結果，能快速分析各決策的優缺點，對於實務上存貨管理的幫助非常大。

關鍵字

存貨管理；存貨成本；模擬系統；決策變數；動態

並列摘要

In order to make production scheduling and execute operations smoothly , there must be has complete stock management in each of production systems. How to manage stocks effectively and meet market demand were each of production systems' final goal. Under the premise, companies all expect they could meet market demand and minimize inventory levels in order to achieve the lowest inventory cost. In fact, there are many people could not calculate each cost of inventory management actuarially because mathematical formulas were too complicated to discuss inventory system and decision variables deeply. As a result, it makes inventory management inefficiently.　　 In the view of this phenomenon, we want to offer a simpler way for companies that makes calculation formulas from complex to be easier. In this case, we use simulation software to create a model which simulate the reality process after gathering each item of inventory cost and consuming data. After that we can use the software's optimal solution function to investigate whether decision variable can be improved or not. In order to make the service level better, we need to explore the inventory management approach. In this case, we combine method of forecast and dynamic together and let decision variable fluctuate with actual value. We can find a different key factor which compare with the existing way. The difference between both of them would be an important reference when companies make decision. 　　In the thesis , we found that the computer simulation system can supply an easier way to operate. After we establish the simulation model, we can get the consequence quickly by adjusting parameter only. The method of adjusted parameter can analyze the pros and cons of every decision's conclusion and makes inventory management better.