中壢與屏東地區太陽光電系統戶外性能模擬與實測分析

Performance analysis of photovoltaic system by simulation and outdoor measurement in Jhongli and Pingtung

郝宇杰(Yu-chieh Hao)

指導教授 ： 吳俊諆

國立中央大學/工學院/能源工程研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本文在中壢與屏東地區實測太陽光電(photovoltaic, PV)和聚光型太陽光電(concentrator PV, CPV)系統，比較不同的模組類型（PV及CPV）及追日方式（光感測器、軌跡公式及混合式）的發電效益。本文亦使用軟體PVsyst模擬發電與將近一年的實測結果比較。
軌跡公式與光感測器追日法用在雙軸PV系統上進行10個月的測試比較顯示，前者的發電效益約比後者高出2.1%，顯示在雙軸PV系統的應用上，軌跡公式是一套實用且有效的追日方法。
混合式追日法與光感測器追日法用在雙軸CPV系統上進行6個月的測試比較顯示，光感測器法的發電效益約比混合式追日法高出11.7%。不過目前混合追日法還有參數尚在調校，因此追日成效不佳也影響發電效益。之後這種方法如能持續改進，應可提昇發電效益。
軌跡法追蹤的雙軸PV系統與固定式PV系統進行8個月的測試比較顯示，合計8個月軌跡法較固定式約高9.9%的發電量，顯示軌跡追蹤能有效提高PV發電效益。
本文亦對幾種參數進行發電量關聯分析。其中日照是最主要影響發電量的參數，日照與輸出功率會呈線性關係，而模組溫度與大氣溫度都會與輸出功率呈負相關，兩種溫度越高都會導致輸出功率下降。

關鍵字

太陽光電 ； 雙軸PV/CPV系統 ； 固定式PV ； 性能分析 ； PVsyst

並列摘要

This study analyzed the performance of photovoltaic (PV) and concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems with three sun-tracking methods (sun sensor, sun-trajectory calculation and hybrid) in Jhungli and Pingtung. Prediction of electricity with the software PVsyst was compared with almost one-year outdoor measurements.
Comparison between two tracking approaches (sun-trajectory calculation and light sensor) on the two-axis PV system for ten months showed that the electricity generation of the former approach was 2.1% higher than the latter approach. This indicated the sun-trajectory calculation is a practical and effective sun-tracking method.
A 6-month assessment of the two-axis CPV systems with two sun-tracking methods (hybrid and light sensor) illustrated that the electricity generation of the hybrid tracking was 11.7% higher than the tracking with light sensor. However, the former approach is still calibrating its parameters, and its sun-tracking is unsatisfactory which affect the electricity output. It is expected that the hybrid-tracking approach will continuous improving and the electricity generation can increase.
Field measurement of the two-axis PV system using the sun-trajectory calculation and the fixed PV system was compared for eight months. The result showed that the electricity output of the tracking PV was 9.9% higher than that of the fixed one. This implied sun-tracking can effectively enhance electricity generation.
Several parameters that correlated with power output were also investigated. The irradiance was the most important parameter which correlated linearly with power generation. The module temperature and ambient temperature were in negative correlation with power output. Both temperatures increase will reduce the power output.

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