客家再移民在地化研究 －以草屯張家為例

陳智涵(Chin-han Chen)

指導教授 ： 蔡芬芳

國立中央大學/客家學院/客家社會文化研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

在日本統治時期，桃竹苗地區的客家人，因為人口不斷增長，耕地不足，分別離開原居地，到高雄屏東、南投和花蓮屏東的地方開墾，有的移民是自發性前往，而有的則因官方鼓勵而移民。本論文的研究對象張姓家族，亦在這波再次移民之列。約八十多前(1920年代)，張家舉家從竹北的東海窟，移到南投草屯的土城地區。草屯張家的特殊性在於與草屯其他許多早已福佬化的客家族群相較之下，他們是唯一保持客語能力和客家習俗的家族。研究發現草屯張家有較顯著的家族認同，這對其在草屯保有客家族群認同是有影響的。此亦可說明，家族認同跟族群認同之間有著密切的關係，然須注意世代之間對於家族和族群認同的差異。張家家族成員在草屯土城的在地化表現可從在與當地地主黃春帆家族關係、土城當地祭祀掃墓、通婚情形、閩客關係、土地所有權的情況、部份習俗受到當地影響、與當地客家族群關係、信仰活動中一窺究竟。

關鍵字

客家再次移民 ； 在地化 ； 家族 ； 族群認同 ； 信仰

並列摘要

In the Japanese Occupation Period, since the Hakka in Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli were increasing and there was a shortage of cultivated land, they left the original domiciles and moved to Kaohsiung, Pingtung, Nantou and Hualien. Some migrants were voluntary and some were under governmental incentives. The subjects of this study are the Chang family, and they are included among these migrants. More than 80 years ago (1920s), the Chang family moved from Tunghaiku of Jhubei to Tucheng area of Caotun, Nantou. As to uniqueness of the Chang family in Caotun, in comparison to other Hakka who have become Holo in Caotun, they are the only family having Hakka proficiency and Hakka customs. According to the findings, the Chang family in Caotun have strong family identity, and it influences their maintenance of Hakka ethnic identity in Caotun. It demonstrates a close relationship between family identity and ethnic identity. However, attention should be paid to the difference of family and ethnic identity in generations. Localization of the Chang family in Tucheng of Caotun is demonstrated in sacrifices to gods and tomb sweeping of Tucheng, intermarriage, Minnan-Hakka relationship, land ownership, localized customs, relationship with family of local land owner Haung Chun-fan and relationship with local Hakka and religious activities.

並列關鍵字

Hakka re-migration in Taiwan ； localization ； family ； ethnic identity ； religion

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