建構學派與機構理論的觀點探討資訊科技介入的組織改變

The perspective of constructivism and institutional theory on IT-mediated organizational changes

張耿郡(Keng-Chun Chang)

指導教授 ： 陳炫碩

國立中央大學/管理學院/企業管理學系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

過去研究科技對組織影響研究眾多，從早期工業時期開始的科技決定論，它主張科技本身的物質性決定了結果，例如：有打字機就一定回提高組織效率，之後有建構主義強調科技所產生的影響是透過科技與人互動下所產生的結果，然而，機構理論主張人並不是完全的自由意識，人受到機構力量的影響。

各家學派各自論述主張不同，本研究以建構學派的觀點為主，並且整合決定論所說的物質性與機構論所說的機構力量，綜觀科技對組織的影響全貌，並認為科技對組織的影響不是決定性，而是在與組織間的互動根據不同的人而會浮現不同的結構。

本研究的觀點與批判實證主義這個哲學觀點相呼應，因此，本文最後以批判實證論做總結，試圖整理使用者、決策者與設計者這三種不同角色的人對科技這個人造物的影響，並整理出影響這三種不同角色與科技之間的力量。

本文最終的結論是科技對組織的影響本質上是互動當下才會浮現的結構，所以從本質上不是受什麼物質或者力量所決定，也因如此，科技對組織的影響無法僅採用變數模型這種方法論來證明。

關鍵字

機構理論 ； 結構理論 ； 能供性 ； 調適性結構化理論 ； 建構學派

並列摘要

In the past, there are numerous researches about the effect of technology for organization. A nascent of the study, technological determinism advocates materiality itself determines the outcome from industrial era. Then Constructivism emphasizes the impact of organization emerges from the interaction between technology and agency, however, the institutional theory proposes that agency is not entirely free, agency will be affected by the institution of pressures.

Each school has their own tenet, this study base on Constructivism, and then integrating with determinism and institutionalism to pursue the complete understanding of the effect of technology. This article believes the effect of technology won’t be determine by materiality and institutional pressures, but those will influence agency, and the effect will be emerged from the interaction between technology, agency, and institution.

This article reflects a philosophical view, Critical Realism, so this article concludes by Critical Realism. It identifies the different role of agency, users, managers, and designers, and conceptually portray the interaction between those roles and technology.

The final conclusion of this article is the structure will emerge from the technology and agency under the moment of action. Because of the conclusion, this article announces that materiality and institutional forces won’t determine the result, therefore, the methodology of variable model is hard to prove the effect of technology.

參考文獻

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