The purpose of this study is to research the relationship between the aberration of wide-angle lens and its relative illumination, and summarize the merit function to apply of wide-angle lens design. First of all, the relationship between the radiometry and relative illumination of this optical system were discussed. After figuring out the key aberrations, the merit function was generalized to optimize a JP patent lens by Code V optical software. Finally, the parameters of common wide-angle lenses were compared with each other, and the properties of the front lens group would be analyzed in order to find out the ideal design.