近鄉與近情－論林語堂在臺灣的啟蒙之道

Be Close to This Land and Be Reasonable: On Dr. Lin Yu Tang’s Way of Enlighten¬ment in Taiwan

洪俊彥(Jun-Yan Hong)

指導教授 ： 康來新

國立中央大學/文學院/中國文學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本論文以林語堂晚期（1965－1976）的思想發展、文學活動為研究主題，以補目前的林語堂研究尚未系統化探討其晚期階段之缺憾。除追索他在思想與文學觀上的承繼或演變，及其時代意義，並將焦點集中於探討這一位走過「五四」並曾享譽國際的知識份子如何將他的「啟蒙之道」落實在臺灣。對此，筆者掌握林語堂的核心思想－「近情」，作為論述主軸，依序檢視林語堂「以近情啟蒙」的實踐方法和反響，以期能夠發掘「林語堂晚期」的價值。
　　既以「近情」作為論述軸心，本文有必要先論證它在林語堂的思想當中的核心地位；第一章便以林氏近情思想的發展脈胳為主題，從他的信仰歷程著手，考察他在宗教信仰的激盪之下，怎麼樣產生「近情」思想。其次，再將這套思想放在「五四」的脈胳下檢視，辨明二者的互動關係，以突顯「近情」的時代意義。接下來的第二章則從文化認同（Culture Identity）與群體認同（Group Identity）的角度探索臺灣之於林語堂的意義，進一步看他在政權和輿論之間的態度，為底下各章預作鋪陳。三、四、五章便是「近情」的實踐層面的論述，為本論文的重心所在，大致可以概括林語堂晚期在文學與思想上的重要論點及其所引發的事件，由林氏對臺灣當代的教育、建設、文風、思潮……等各個角度的批評與建言切入討論，以呈現「以近情啟蒙」的具體方針。
　　從軸心思想的探掘，到來臺後「啟蒙」軌跡的爬梳，並聚焦於「近情」和臺灣社會、文化的衝突與磨合，筆者不但試圖重估「林語堂晚期」的價值，更有意為「林語堂在臺灣」予以評價、定位。

關鍵字

關鍵字：林語堂 ； 臺灣 ； 宗教 ； 近情 ； 啟蒙 ； 幽默 ； 五四 ； 無所不談 ； 思凡

並列摘要

This thesis is centered on Lin Yu Tang’s later development (1965-1976) in thoughts and literary activities, in order to complement the lack of a systematic discus¬sion in the current academic trends on Lin’s later stage. I’ll trace his change and continuance on literary thoughts, and discuss its contextual meaning. Besides, the the¬sis focuses on how this internationally popular intellectual, who walked through May Fourth Movement, can practice his “way of enlightenment“ in Taiwan. In developing this, I would like to give you Lin’s central idea “be reasonable” as the main argument of my discourse, based on which I’ll step by step analyze Lin’s practice of and others’ response to “enlightening by being reasonable.” In this case, I expect the value of Lin’s later state could be discovered.
　　Since I take “be reasonable” as the main argument, it is necessary to ensure before¬hand its importance and core position in Lin’s thoughts. The first chapter is based on the development of Lin’s thoughts on “be reasonable,” in which I would start from his religious history and analyze how the thought of “be reasonable” is derived from the influence of his religion. Therefore I would put this thought under the con¬text of May Fourth, and explicate their interaction, in order to strengthen the contex¬tual importance of this “be reasonable.” The second chapter tends to discover Taiwan’s meaning to Lin, through the perspective of “culture identity” and “group iden¬tity,” and to look into his attitude between political powers and public opinions, which paves the way for the following chapters. The third, the fourth, and the fifth chapter focus on the practice of “be reasonable,” which is the contribution of this the¬sis. They include the important discourses and events they cause in Lin’s literature and thoughts in his later stage; they also attempt to represents the practical strategies of “enlightening by being reasonable” through Lin’s criticisms and suggestions on Taiwan’s contemporary education, construction, literary trends, and thoughts and others.
　　Developing from the central thoughts, tracing Lin’s enlightenment in Taiwan, and focusing on the conflict and adaptation of “be reasonable,” Taiwanese society, and culture, I attempt not only to re-evaluate Lin’s later stage, but also evaluate and posi¬tion “Lin Yu Tang in Taiwan.”

並列關鍵字

enlightenment ； be reasonable ； religion ； Young Nun’s Worldly Desires ； All World Talk ； May Fourth ； humour ； Lin Yu Tang ； Taiwan

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