勞工派遣與正職受僱型態之實證研究－金融海嘯前後之分析比較

The empirical study of dispatched and full-time employment types in laborers：Analyzes and compares before and after the financial tsunami period

李盈達(Ying-Da Li)

指導教授 ： 劉錦龍 ； 鄒孟文

國立中央大學/管理學院/產業經濟研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

1995年以前臺灣地區失業率長期維持在2%以下，其後陸續發生公共建設停滯內需疲弱、網路泡沫化、美國911事件及2009年全球金融海嘯，致失業率暴增，又青年勞動參與率逐年下滑，前兩警訊足見失業問題嚴重性。為促進就業並使勞動市場彈性化，發展非典型僱用關係之勞動派遣已成趨勢；惟此方式使用恰當可促使人力配置彈性化，使用不當時非但失業持續嚴重，還會衍生貧富懸殊等問題。
　　為從2009年金融海嘯造成之景氣消長，剖析臺灣日漸盛行之勞動派遣實況，並明瞭當前我國勞工受僱型態受此環球經濟危機影響之情形，本研究藉由主計處2008至2010年「臺灣地區人力資源調查暨人力運用調查」之原始資料，從勞工個人屬性與目前工作屬性兩層面進行解析，選出解釋變數包括有性別與婚姻狀況、年齡、教育程度、戶籍地區、目前行業、目前職業、目前公司規模、目前工作年資、目前年資平方、目前工作地點與現職尋獲方式等變項，分別就單一年度資料與合併各年資料透過Probit迴歸模型與邊際效果分析進行實證，找出影響我國勞工派遣或正職受僱型態之主要因素，以提供政府制定勞動政策之所需。
　　各年資料實證結果發現，無偶男性、青少年者、低教育程度者、設籍北區者、從事農林漁牧礦業者、非專業人員、政府機關與大企業之勞工、工作年資較短者、工作地區在東區者及使用非正式與其他尋職管道者較傾向從事臨時性人力派遣工作。合併各年資料再實證後發現，有偶男性者呈現派遣化趨勢、高教育程度之抗派遣能力在金融海嘯景氣衰退時會被抵消、工作年資越高將使勞工從事派遣機率越低、正式尋職管道之就業安定效果在金融海嘯發生時明顯降低。
　　文末依研究結果提出具體建議，盼能作為政府輔導勞動派遣等非典型就業者轉為正職之施政措施參考，以提高全體勞工就業穩定度與薪資福利，維護勞動市場健全發展與社會大眾權益。

關鍵字

邊際效果分析 ； 彈性化 ； 非典型僱用關係 ； 勞動派遣 ； Probit迴歸模型

並列摘要

Before 1995, the unemployment rate in Taiwan maintained less than 2%, followed by another occurrence of stagnation in public construction resulting weak domestic demand, the Internet Bubble, the United States 911 incident, and the financial tsunami in 2009, which caused of the unemployment rate kept surging. Besides, the labor force participation rate of youth declined year by year. These two warnings indicated the seriousness of the unemployment problem. To promote employment and keep labor market flexibility, developing labor dispatch of atypical employment relationship has become the tendency. If this way is used appropriately, manpower deployment might be promoted flexibility. Otherwise, it would lead not only the unemployment continued seriously, but also the extreme disparity between the rich and the poor.
　　In order to analyze the growing dispatched employment in Taiwan and the laborers employment situation from the financial tsunami in 2009. This study is used by Manpower Survey Results in Taiwan from 2008 to 2010. For analyzing the attributes of laborer and current job, we selected explanatory variables including gender and marital status, age, education, registered residence area, the current industry, the current carrier, the current company scale, the current seniority, the current seniority squared, current place of work, and job search methods etc., then performed on single-year data and merged the years of data through the Probit regression model and marginal effect analysis of the evidence. Identify the major factors from the impact of dispatched or full-time employment types in laborers that help to provide the government in formulating labor policy required.
　　Empirical results in each year found that single men, youth, junior high school or below, registered in the North region, First-class industry, non-professionals, laborers of government agencies and large enterprises, shorter seniority, and those who worked in the Eastern region and informal job search methods are more inclined to engage in dispatched employment. Empirical results merged by three years found that the married men appeared a trend of dispatch, college or above wouldn''t keep out this trend as well, the more the seniority the less the probability for dispatch, the stable effect of full-time employment was obviously reduced in the financial tsunami.
　　Finally, this research provides specific recommendations for the government to help the laborers change from dispatched to full-time. It can improve the stability of labor employment with rights and maintain the proper development of the labor market and social public interests.

並列關鍵字

marginal effect analysis ； Probit regression model ； labor dispatch ； atypical employment relationship ； flexibility

參考文獻

［1］簡建忠，「臺灣派遣勞工對派遣工作看法之研究」，勞資關係論叢，第9期，99-124頁，1999年6月。

［4］行政院勞工委員會勞資關係處，「勞動基準法部分條文修正草案」，2010年1月。

［5］鄭津津，「派遣勞動之法律關係與相關法律問題之研究」，中正大學法學集刊，第2期，237-256頁，1999年7月。

［9］邱駿彥，「勞動派遣法律關係若干疑義之考察」，臺北大學法學論叢，第60期，47-74頁，2006年12月。

［11］鄭津津，「從美國勞動派遣法制看我國勞動派遣法草案」，中正大學法學集刊，第10期，37-98頁，2003年1月。