全身性振動暴露對於乘坐舒適性與職業性脊椎損傷之影響研究

彭子彥(Tzuyen Peng)

指導教授 ： 黃俊仁

國立中央大學/工學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

在脊髓損傷者的復健醫療評估，是以傷者是否能重新回到職場作為復健成功的指標。在台灣，脊髓損傷患者最常使用的交通工具是改裝後的機車，然而相較於正常駕駛人，病患對於突發狀況或外在因素干擾時所應採取的車輛操控或身體姿態應變能力較差，尤其在駕駛過程中常會面臨到顛簸路面或大坑洞路面等的隨機因素所引發瞬間短暫激振的高加速度及峰值壓力，不僅易造成不舒服感覺、眩暈或嘔吐外，更可能對頸椎產生鞭甩作用，導致嚴重的扭曲損傷，加重脊髓損傷患者的生理傷害。
本研究將以電動車為研究對象，主要目標在探討全身性振動暴露對於乘坐舒適性與脊椎損傷的影響，並找出職業性脊椎損傷之最佳化預防策略。研究內容將整合SolidWorks/Simulation軟體與ISO 2631-5規範，開發出生物脊椎力學分析技術，並深入評估人(行駛車速、乘員載重、乘坐姿態)、車(駕駛座墊)、以及路(道路型態)等多種因素下，腰椎L4/L5的脊椎損傷評估。同時，本研究並將以路況模擬系統進行實車測試，以驗證分析結果。
實驗結果發現當車速越慢或路面越平穩，車輛振動響應較小，對脊椎的損傷量也較小。乘員的重量較重，脊椎的損傷量較小。此外，座墊的存在能有效減輕脊椎的損傷量，而後仰10度的乘坐姿態對於脊椎的損傷量最小。本研究不僅證實乘坐姿態對於脊椎損傷最具影響力，也發現小面關節的應力變化亦是評估脊椎損傷的重要指標之一。相信本研究結果可提升國內汽機車廠在電動車輛設計或零組件研發、設計及試驗時有助益。

關鍵字

乘坐舒適性 ； 動態響應 ； 生物力學 ； 脊椎損傷 ； 電動車

並列摘要

The recovery assessment of spinal cord injury is based on whether patients can go back workplace. In Taiwan, most of patients with spinal cord injury use modified motorcycle for their transportation. However, the ability of control machine and body of patients is worse than normal person when they are in sudden circumstance or interference. Especially the sudden shock is caused by the bumpy road in the drive not only result in discomfort and dizziness but also critical damage with fling the cervical vertebra.
The main of this study is discussing the influence of whole body vibration on comfort and spinal cord injury by using electric motorcycle and finding the best precaution against professional spinal cord injury. The study combine SolidWorks/Simulation with ISO 2631-5 and develop the technology of biomechanical analysis and evaluate damage on lumbar L4/L5 by anthropogenic factors (speed, load and posture), a vehicle factor (cushion), and a road factor (road type). Meanwhile, the study take vehicle tests using road simulation testing system and verify the result.
The result is found that the slower speed, the smoother road and the heavier load, less vibration and damage of spine is. In addition, the cushion can reduce damage effectively, and the reclining 10 degree makes the smallest damage. The study not only prove that the posture make the most influence for spinal cord injury but also that the strain on the zygapophyseal joint is one of the most important points. I believe that this study is a benefit to the vehicle design.

並列關鍵字

riding comfort ； dynamic response ； biomechanics ； spinal cord injury ； electric motorcycle

參考文獻

[50] 張銘坤，盧士一(2008)。全身振動暴露評估之回顧。勞工安全衛生研究季刊。第16卷第2期，第152-163頁。

[2] ISO 2631-5:2004, Mechanical vibration and shock - Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration - Part 5: Method for evaluation of vibration containing multiple shocks.

[3]洪一智(2008)。 腰椎脊突起間撐開器的有限元素分析。碩士論文，中央大學機械工程研究所。

[7] Kettler A. Schmoelz W. Kast E. Gottwald M. Claes L. Wilke HJ. (2005)“In vitro stabilizing effect of a transforaminal compared with two posterior lumbar interbody fusion cages”. [Comparative Study. In Vitro. Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov''t] Spine. 30(22):E665-70,

[9] Martin Fritz (2000) Simulating the response of a standing operator to vibration stress by means of a biomechanical model. Journal of Biomechanics 33, 795-802.