明代茶文化之研究—以《金瓶梅詞話》為中心之探討

The research of tea culture of the Ming dynasty-Base on the novel JinPingMei CiHua-

范姜玉芬(Yu-fen Fan)

指導教授 ： 王成勉

國立中央大學/文學院/歷史研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2012年)

摘要

茶，不僅是中國人日常生活的飲品，更因為歷代文人雅士的推動，讓喝茶提升到品茶的境界，形成了特有的茶藝術與茶文化。尤其明代以後，大量的茶書出版，反映了名流高士的飲茶雅趣，同時，飲茶與品茶也進入到文化與藝術的層面，屢屢出現在中國各式小說、詞曲中。
《金瓶梅詞話》是一部長篇明代世情小說。它描述宋代山東巨富西門慶一家的日常生活。由於作者是明代人，把許多明代的生活點滴寫入故事中，讓我們得以了解明代中後期，市井人物的生活情況，特別有趣的地方是他們的飲茶文化與習慣。
本研究是從《金瓶梅詞話》中，羅列出書中的茶葉品種與飲茶方式，並參考歷代茶學專著、飲食譜錄、醫學寶典與文化史料，以分析明代大眾的飲茶習慣與改變。自明太祖於洪武二十四年下詔廢除龍團、改進芽茶，以後，散茶崛起，成為明代當時飲茶的主流。另外，《金瓶梅詞話》中更可看出一般大眾喜歡在茶中添香置果，這類加料茶飲甚至還具有滋補養生的功效。
《金瓶梅詞話》中也提到各種用茶的場合和禮儀，包括敘述有關婚喪時的下茶禮、茶祭，以茶會友的會茶、發展蓬勃的茶坊等。這些均反映茶與民間禮俗和社會生活的關聯。藉由書中對飲茶風俗的描寫，可以更加呈現明代燦爛豐富的茶文化。

關鍵字

茶 ； 明代 ； 《金瓶梅詞話》 ； 茶文化

並列摘要

Tea, not only is the daily life of Chinese people drink, but also because of the promotion of the ancient literati, tea elevated to the realm of tea, and formed a unique tea art and tea culture. In particular, after the Ming Dynasty, the tea book publishing, reflects the elegance of celebrities by taste of tea, at the same time, drinking tea and tea tasting into the level of culture and art, and can be seen on all kinds of Chinese novels, lyrics.
JinPingMei CiHua is a lengthy Ming Dynasty novel. It describes the daily life of the Shandong wealthy person named Ximen Qing of the Song Dynasty. Because of the writer was in Ming dynasty , so many daily life in Ming dynasty were wrote in, then we are able to understand the living conditions in the late Ming, the particularly interesting is their tea-drinking culture and habits.
In this research of JinPing Mei CiHua, lists the varieties of tea and ways of drinking tea, and with reference to the literature of Tea experts , monographs, food spectrum, the recipe , Medical dictionary, cultural historical analysis of the tea drinking habits of the public and change of the Ming dynasty. Since the twenty-forth years of Hongwu, Emperor Taizu of the Ming dynasty, even ordered the bud-tea as a tribute instead of the solid-tea. After that, the loose tea became more popular, and was the mainstream in the Ming Dynasty. In addition, according to JinPingMei CiHua, it can be seen that the general public like to add different flavors in tea by adding flowers, dried fruit, fruit, some of those were considered to be curative.
JinPingMei CiHua is also mentioned a variety of occasions and rituals of the tea, including the narrative about weddings and funeral when the tea ceremony, tea festival, social by having tea, the development of thriving tea house, and so on. These reflect the association of tea between folk customs, and tea between social life. By the description of book of tea drinking, it more present the bright and rich tea culture in the Ming dynasty.

並列關鍵字

tea ； Ming dynasty ； JinPingMei CiHua ； tea culture

參考文獻

〔清〕張竹坡，《臯鶴堂批評第一奇書金瓶梅》，臺北：里仁書局，1981年。

陳偉明，〈雜談《金瓶梅》與明代茶文化〉，《農業考古》，1998年第2期，頁42-44＋68。

李曉萍，〈《金瓶梅》鞋腳情色與文化研究〉，臺北：靜宜大學中國文學研究所碩士論文，2002年。

楊淑惠，〈張竹坡評論《金瓶梅》人物研究〉，臺北：國立師範大學中國文學研究所碩士論文，1995年。

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