後彎勞動供給曲線與經濟發展－以台灣勞動市場為例

Backward-Bending Labor Supply Curve and Economic Development- A Case of Taiwan Labor Market

吳沐穎(Mu-Ying Wu)

指導教授 ： 單驥

國立中央大學/管理學院/產業經濟研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

台灣隨著其經濟發展逐漸提高了其國民所得，同時帶來了工時的降低，但又在近年之際遭逢他國激烈的競爭，使得經濟發展開始停滯。這樣的歷程描繪了台灣不同時期中不同的勞動供給行為，本研究利用了24個年份「台灣地區人力資源暨運用調查」，估算出不同年分中的後彎勞動供給曲線轉折點與薪資彈性，以此作為比較的基礎。
　　本研究首先由拗折需求曲線模型來解釋台灣工時僵固的現象，而在實證結果中我們也發現，1999年後台灣勞動者其薪資彈性皆較之前為低，代表薪資已非決定工時供給的唯一要素，台灣面臨的國際競爭亦為重要原因之一。另一方面，位於後彎勞動供給曲線轉折點的勞動者其於2001年以後之工時與時薪的變化亦大幅減少，其與模型預測之結果相互輝映。由以上結果的印證，我們可證實台灣近年來在國際競爭的困境確實會對勞動市場產生衝擊。

關鍵字

國際產業競爭 ； 經濟發展 ； 工時 ； 後彎勞動供給

並列摘要

Taiwan has gradually increased its national income with its economic development, but in recent years Taiwan encounters fierce competition with other countries, which lower the speed of economic development itself. This history tells us that in difference periods Taiwan has the different conditions for labor supply, and we use the 24 years “Manpower Utilization Survey Statistics” to estimate the turning points of backward-bending labor supply curve and wage elasticity, and we use these results as the basis for comparison.
In the beginning, this study explains the working hour rigidity in Taiwan by kinked demand curves model. Empirical results show that the wage elasticity after 1999 of employees in Taiwan becomes smaller than before, which implies that wage is not only the factor governing the supply of working time, but the international competition that Taiwan has confronted is one of the important factors. On the other hand, the variation of working hour and hourly wage faced by those employees who situate on the turning point of the backward-bending labor supply curve has substantially decreased after 2001, and this result is similar to the predicted result by the model. From the above mentioned, we can prove that the international competition dilemma confronted by Taiwan does make impact on Taiwan’s labor market.

並列關鍵字

international industry competition ； economic development ； working hour ； backward-bending labor supply

參考文獻

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