微型金融在中國的發展

Microfinance in China Today

周雅娟(Ya-chuan Chou)

指導教授 ： 邱慈觀

國立中央大學/管理學院/財務金融學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2012年)

摘要

孟加拉經濟學教授尤努斯創辦微型貸款，幫助數以百萬的窮人脫離貧困，因而獲得2006年諾貝爾和平獎，於是國際間掀起了「微型金融」的風潮，許多國家也群起效尤，以減緩或解決社會及經濟問題。在聯合國、世界銀行等國際機構以及其他發展機構的大力推動下，微型金融的概念在過去三十年已經迅速傳播到世界各地，造福了一億個家庭，日益發展成為一種全球性的微貸運動，且越來越來的微型金融項目和微型金融機構努力把金融服務推進到那些被正規金融體系邊緣化的貧困階層。
在發展微型金融上，國外諸多發展中國家已經成功且累積了一定的經驗。然而在中國，微型金融業務尚處於起步階段。且中國目前正處於經濟的轉型時期，在發展經濟過程中蘊含著大量的微型貸款需求，在這樣的情況下，微型金融業務在中國有著巨大的發展潛力，以期改善貧富差距，拓展微型金融機構的業務發展和增進微型金融機構的盈利性和可持續性。

關鍵字

微型貸款批發基金 ； 微型金融機構 ； 普惠金融體系 ； 微型貸款 ； 葛拉敏銀行

並列摘要

Muhammad Yunus, winner of 2006 Nobel Peace Prize, founded banker to the poor founded with a view to helping the poor overcome their desperate situation. This approach gained great success and kindled light for millions of Bangladesh poor people. Subsequently, many countries followed his pace when they managed to solve their social and economic problems. The World Bank made a great effort in promoting Microfinance for years, and now the idea has spread all over the world. This idea and its actual practice have bettered over 100 million families, and already become a worldwide Microloans movement. As more and more Microfinance institutions appear, the likewise services are increasingly channeled into the poverty-inflicted underclass who are generally marginalized by the formal financial institutions.
In many developing countries, the success of Microfinance is apparent, and useful experiences are there to be known of. However, China’s economy has been undergoing a transitional stage for an indefinite period of time. We expect that this process would entail a huge need of Microloans as far as it goes, though at the present time the idea seems still a looming nascence. Under favorable circumstances, we believe that Microfinance will be no doubt promising in China’s future. Once proliferated, Microfinance should be taken more seriously about a reasonable profit gain that enables its sustainability, and in the long run, leads to the narrowing down of the gap between the poor and the rich.

並列關鍵字

Microfinance Institution(MFIs) ； Microfinance Wholesale Funds(MWF) ； Grameen Bank ； Microcredit ； Inclusive financial system

參考文獻

1. Beatriz Armendariz and Jonathan Morduch, The Economics of Microfinance，second edition，England，2010

4. Consultative Group to Assist the Poor,“Andhra Pradesh 2010: Global Implications of the Crisis in Indial Microfinance”,2010

6. Consultative Group to Assist the Poor,“Cross-border Funding of Microrfinance”,2010

12. Xavier Reille, Sarah Forster, and Daniel Rozas,“Foreign Capital Investment in Microfinance: Reassessing Financial and Social Returns”,2011

一、中文文獻