目標導向與尋求回饋行為關連性之研究－以個人/集體主義為調節變項

The study of the relationship between goal orientation and feedback-seeking behavior: The moderating effects of individualism/collectivism.

郭立欣(Li-hsin Kuo)

指導教授 ： 林文政

國立中央大學/管理學院/人力資源管理研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2012年)

摘要

尋求回饋行為對績效和潛能的提升具有相當的助益，故組織鼓勵員工主動尋求回饋，希望進一步增進員工績效。而目標導向是個人對自己、部門或組織期望達到的成就和結果狀態的偏好，會影響到他們在通往目標的過程中，選擇用哪一種方式到達終點，故目標導向也是預測績效的強力因子。在過去研究目標導向對尋求回饋行為影響的文獻中多以歐美國家為研究樣本，缺乏以華人社會做為樣本的研究，且僅考量單一因素對尋求回饋行為的影響，但行為不是只受到單一面向的特定差異影響，而是更複雜的受跨面向的交互作用影響，故本研究嘗試探討目標導向和尋求回饋行為之關聯性，同時探討目標導向和個人層次的文化彼此之間的交互作用對尋求回饋行為的影響。
本研究以跨產業樣本蒐集的方式，回收了257份有效問卷，並分別檢驗了主效果與調節效果兩大部分之假設。於第一部分的階層回歸分析結果顯示，績效證明導向、績效規避導向、學習目標導向都會有更多詢問和觀察的尋求回饋行為。
第二部分之研究則為探討個人/集體主義對目標導向和尋求回饋行為之間的調節效果。研究結果顯示，績效證明導向者對觀察的尋求回饋頻率間之關係受到個人主義的調節，削弱了兩變數間的正向關係。績效規避導向者對觀察的尋求回饋頻率間之關係則受到集體主義之調節，強化了兩變數間的正向關係。故除不同目標導向會影響到個人的尋求回饋行為，文化更會進一步調節其間的關係。

關鍵字

尋求回饋行為 ； 學習目標導向 ； 個人主義 ； 績效證明導向 ； 績效規避導向 ； 集體主義

並列摘要

The feedback-seeking behavior certainly allows people to improve their performance and potential. Therefore, the goal orientation is also a deciding factor in the prediction of performance. In the previous studies related to the impact of the goal orientation on the feedback-seeking behavior, most samples were obtained from Europe and the United States. There is no related study based on the samples obtained Chinese society. And, the previous studies only took into consideration the effect of a single factor on feedback-seeking behavior. However, behavior is not affected by the specific difference of a single aspect but by the complicated interaction of multiple aspects. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the correlation between goal orientation and feedback-seeking behavior as well as the effect of the interaction between goal orientation and individual-level culture over feedback-seeking behavior.
The present study collected the samples from multiple industries. A total of 257 valid questionnaires were returned. Besides, the tests of assumption in relation to the main effects and moderating effects were carried out. According to the hierarchical regression analysis of the first part, it shows that the performance-approach goal orientation, the performance-avoidance goal orientation and the learning goal orientation would lead to more feedback-seeking behaviors such as inquiry and observation.
The second part of the present study aims at investigating the moderating effect of individualism / collectivism over the goal orientation and feedback-seeking behavior. According to the results of the present study, it shows that the individualism produces a moderating effect over the relation between the persons having the performance-approach goal orientation and the frequency of feedback-seeking behavior of ‘observation’ so that the positive correlation between the two variables is decreased; it also shows that the collectivism produces a moderating effect over the relation between the persons having the performance-avoidance goal orientation and the frequency of feedback-seeking behavior of ‘observation’ so that the positive correlation between the two variables is increased. Therefore, not only do the different goal orientation produce an effect on the individual feedback-seeking behavior but the culture also plays a moderating role in their relations.

並列關鍵字

collectivism ； individualism ； learning goal orientation ； performance-avoidance goal orientation ； performance-approach goal orientation ； feedback-seeking behavior

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