高齡化社會之來臨與台灣社會安全體系之因應

How Taiwan Social Security System Cope with the Aging society

周文媛(Wen-yuan Chou)

指導教授 ： 陳亮智

國立中正大學/社會科學院/戰略暨國際事務研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

我國於1993年老年人口佔總人口的7%，依據內政部2010年底止統計， 65歲以上人口，計248萬7,893人，人口比例達10.74％，成為高齡化（ageing）社會，預估2017年增加為14%，成為高齡（aged）社會，達到國際慣例所稱的高齡社會，2025年再增加為20%，邁入超高齡 (super-aged) 社會，2060年65歲以上人口所占比率將高達42%，達到WHO(World Health Organization, WHO)定義之超高齡化社會。
人口老化已成為當前全球關切的議題。台灣面臨少子化和人口高齡化的趨勢，變遷的人口結構對社會經濟將會衍生出許多議題。
高齡化社會的來臨，可以說是現代國家的成就，代表著生活福祉與醫療科技的進步；但相對而言，高齡化社會也帶來了許多挑戰，這些挑戰，簡單而言，就是高齡人口社會福利需求的增加，包括經濟安全需求、健康醫療需求、休閒與教育需求、居住安養需求，以及心理及社會適應需求等。
本研究主要目的希望藉由探討高齡化現象的成因，並從社會安全影響層面切入，以獲得相關研究發現尋求因應對策，提醒國人重視高齡化可能對社會安全帶來的衝擊。

關鍵字

人口老化 ； 少子化 ； 高齡化社會

並列摘要

The elderly made up 7% of Taiwan’s population in 1993. According to 2010 year-end statistics from the Ministry of the Interior of Taiwan, the population over the age of 65, numbered 2,487,893 which equates to 10.74 percent of the whole population making Taiwan an aging society. The elderly population (aged 65 and above) is projected to increase to 14% by 2017 making an so-called aged society, then to reach 20% by 2025 growing into a super-aged society, thereafter peaking at 42% by 2060 to reach a super-aged society by the definition of the WHO (World Health Organization).
The aging population has currently become a global concern. Taiwan is facing the problems of declining birthrate and an aging population. The transforming of population structure is believed to bring many issues to the economy.
The advent of an aging society is said to be an achievement to the modern countries because it represents a good living and welfare and advancement of medical technology of the countries; but relatively speaking, an aging society has also been bringing many challenges. These challenges, simply, are the increase demand of social welfare for aging population, including economic security needs, medical health needs, recreational and educational needs, needs of residential and nursing homes, as well as psychological and social adaptation needs.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the causes of the aging phenomenon from the impact of social security level in order to seek coping strategies as well as to bring people’s attention to the impact of aging on social security may bring.

並列關鍵字

Aging population ； Declining birthrate ； Aging society

參考文獻

經濟部，人口結構變遷對經濟發展之影響研究報告（台北市：經濟部研究發展委員會，2005年）。

馬財專，「臺灣中高齡勞工失業問題之檢視及政策思考」，台灣社會福利學刊，9（1）期（2010年12月），頁45-94。

2009年4月）。

Richard Jackson, “The Global Retirement Crisis”, in The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance（2002）, Vol.27, No.4, pp486-511, Oxford.

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