國小班級座位安排權力關係之探討：Foucault權力理論運用

A Study of Power Relations within Classroom Seating Arrangement in the Elementary Schools: An Application of Foucault’s Theory of Power

蘇珍慧(Chen-Hui Su)

指導教授 ： 李奉儒

國立中正大學/教育學院/課程研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究運用Foucault的權力理論探討國小教師的座位安排，旨在分析教師在座位安排前預期學生行為發生的可能ˋ教師精心策劃得行為模式ˋ座位安排時運用的管教方式及座位安排最終的目的與效益。
研究者選取不同年段及性別的五位國小教師進行深度訪談，並輔以學生訪談及教室觀察，參照Foucault的論述分析之步驟及Gore提出的權力研究架構，同時結合考古學及系譜學的方法，以進行質性資料的分析。
研究發現有四點:
1.預期學生行為發生的可能是鞏固權力關係網絡的基礎。
2.教師精心策劃的形為模式使學生成為柔順的肉體，使全班趨於一致性。
3.座位安排不但是一種規訓的權力，更是一種生命的權力，越細緻的座位安排策略越能避免學生反抗。
4.座位安排同時具有政治及經濟效益，不是為了壓抑學生，而是使學生更具生產性，發揮最大的效益。
本研究針對國小教師的座位安排提出建議如下:
1.教師需要注意其預期可能行為的發生是否應驗了比馬龍效應。
2.教師須留意到換一個位置換一個腦袋，所處空間決定態度。
3.教師必須謹慎於對誰是最合理ˋ最有利的座位安排策略。
4.教師必須體會到座位安排係追求"正常表現"，"正常"即是教室中的真理。

關鍵字

Foucault權力理論 ； 班級座位安排 ； 權力關係

並列摘要

This thesis, by means of Foucault's theory of power, amis to explore the classroom seating arrangement by teacher in the elementary schools. The purpses of this research are as follows: 1. to analyze the epected student behavior before teachers' seating arrangement, 2.to inquire teachers'carefully planned patterns of behavior, 3.to investigate the regulative methods when arranging classroom seats of stidents, and to discover the aimed final benefits form seats arrangment.
The reaearcher purposefully selects five elementary school teachers, ranging form different school years and gender. This research is conducted by in-depth interviews to these five teachers and every two students in their classroom, together with classroom observations. This research also employs Foucault's discourse analysis and archeology and genealogy methods for the analysis of qualitative data. There are four main findings of this study:
1.Students' expected behavior may be owing to consolitative the network of power relations.
2.Teachers' carefully planned pattern of behavior is aimed to make students become supple flesh, and make the class toward consistency.
3.The seating arrangement is not only a disciplinary power, is also a bio-power the power. The more detailed seaseating arrangement strategy is to avoid the student revolt more successfully.
4.The seating arrangement has both political and economic benefits, in order not only to suppress the students, but also to make students more productive make themselves the greatest benefits.

The fllowing are the main recommendations from the study of teachers' seating arrangements:
1.Teacher need to pay attention to the expected behavior that occurs as meeting Malone effect.
2.Teachers need to notice that the seating space will determine students' learning attitude.
3.Teachers must be careful about the students who receive the most favorable seating arrangement strategy.
4.Teachers must appreciate that the seating arrangement is for the pursuit of "noremal performance", and the "normal" is the truth in the classrroom.

並列關鍵字

Foucault’s power theory ； classroom seating arrangement ； power relations

參考文獻

吳錫德（2009）。翻譯空間。台北：書林。

林素卿（2003）。協同行動研究—以班級經營之常規改善為例。師大學報，48(1)，

胡鍊輝（1980）。座位的玄機。師友月刊，276，24-25。

張民杰（2010）。怎麼坐，有關係－透視學生座位與學習效果。師友月刊，513，67-70。

劉北成、楊嬰遠譯（1992）。（Michel Foucault原著）規訓與懲罰：監獄的誕生。台北：桂冠。