現代墨西哥神話：奧克塔維奧•帕斯《孤獨的迷宮》

Modern Mexican Mythology: Octavio Paz’s The Labyrinth of Solitude

張智琪(Chang, Chihchi)

指導教授 ： 魏安竹

國立中正大學/文學院/外國語文學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

在眾多的散文作品中，奧克塔維奧•帕斯深入探索國家歷史和文化，對墨西哥生活的本質展現其具洞察力的觀察。帕斯的諾貝爾獲獎作品《孤獨的迷宮》，特別顯示出他對各領域議題的關注：以墨西哥為背景，涵括了文學和藝術評論、宗教、文化、政治、社會學及歷史等主題；而該書同時也展現了他獨有的詩意、神話般的散文風格。
藉由研究二十世紀拉丁美洲文學，本論文揭示拉丁美洲歷史及社會環境如何形塑當今文化與文學的風貌及深度。透過綜覽該地域其他重要作家的作品，本論文探討帕斯的拉美生活經驗及文學背景：熱衷探討國家特色、社會及宗教傳統、革命政治議題。這些拉丁美洲文學的特色，是帕斯作品中的首要主題。此外，帕斯企求在歷史背景、區域和世界發展潮流中，尋求墨西哥的定位。因此，本論文將檢視帕斯的中心思想：墨西哥社會的矛盾元素及其歷史和戰後文化。另外，源自拉美文化的語言及意象，使他的散文作品富有詩意及神話般的素質。
透過研究帕斯主要的散文作品，本論文探討帕斯如何認同並神話化墨西哥生活—藉由墨西哥及拉丁美洲神話，帕斯得以追求國家認同。

關鍵字

奧克塔維奧•帕斯 ； 《孤獨的迷宮》 ； 二十世紀拉丁美洲文學 ； 國家認同 ； 神話

並列摘要

In many of his prose works, with an in-depth exploration of national history and culture, Octavio Paz displays insightful observations on the nature of Mexican life. The Labyrinth of Solitude, as one of his most acclaimed works, especially exhibits Paz’s concerns for topics ranging from literary and artistic criticism, religion, culture, politics, sociology and history within the context and circumstances of Mexico, while his poetic and mythic prose style are simultaneously shown.
Research on Latin American writing of the twentieth century in this thesis reveals how the historical and social circumstances of this continent characterize the appearance and depth of its existing culture and literature. With a review of writings by other significant Latin American writers, this thesis explores the life experience and literary formation of Octavio Paz. The obsession with national characteristics, social and religious traditions, and revolutionary political issues, which feature in modern Latin American writing, are themes addressed in Paz’s writings. Positioning Mexico in a historical context and in relation to regional and international trends is a foremost quest for Paz. This thesis outlines the conflicting elements of Mexican society and its history and post-war culture, which are central to Paz’s ideas, as well as the language and imagery which originated from a Latin American culture that inscribes his prose works with both poetic and mythic qualities.
Through a study of the majority of Paz’s prose works, this thesis examines how Paz identified and mythologized life in his home country of Mexico: a constant resort to myths of Mexico and Latin America is essential to Paz in his search for national identity.

並列關鍵字

Octavio Paz ； The Labyrinth of Solitude ； twentieth century Latin American Literature ； national identity ； mythology

參考文獻

Allende, Isabel, My Invented Country. Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. NY: Perennial, 2004. Print.

---, Paula. Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. London: Perennial, 2008. Print.

---, “Spirits Were Willing.” Trans. Jo Anne Engelbert. Lives of the Line: The Testimony of Contemporary Latin American Authors. Ed. Doris Meyer. California: U of California P, 1988. 237-47. Print.

Caistor, Nick. Octavio Paz. London: Reaktion, 2007. Print.

Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1968. Print.