以計畫行為理論探討漁村高齡者活動參與的經驗

Using the theory of planned behavior to investigate the activities participation of the elders who live in the fishing village

戴東豪(Dung-Hau Dai)

指導教授 ： 王維旎

國立中正大學/教育學院/成人及繼續教育學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究目的乃在以Ajzen（1985）的計畫行為理論為基礎，從高齡者對活動參與的看法、高齡者周遭重要他人對其參與活動的意見以及高齡者對自身能力與資源的掌握度等三個面向來探討影響漁村高齡者參與活動意願的原因，並希望進一步了解影響高齡者參與活動所面臨的障礙、克服障礙的方法以及中輟活動參與的因素。 為達成上述之研究目的，本研究採質性方法，以嘉義縣東石鄉某濱海漁村為研究場域，訪談八位高齡者，藉由其參與活動的經驗與來了解影響其活動參與的原因。在資料分析的部份，則採用主題分析法，依循「整體－部份－整體」的循環架構進行。研究結論如下： 一、漁村高齡者藉由參與活動滿足自身不同需求；此外接受他人邀請參與活動除了維繫友情溫暖、緩解人 情壓力外，同時讓人際關係網絡更為暢通。 二、依照計畫行為理論來看，表面上以認知行為控制最為影響漁村高齡者之活動參與經驗，但實際上以個 人態度之阻礙最深；若漁村高齡者擁有強烈的活動參與態度，則越可能克服因能力與資源不足所造成 的參與阻礙。 三、主觀規範中以配偶的影響最深，與子女同住且關係良好者次之，其所持的鼓勵意見皆有助於提高高齡 者活動參與之意願。 四、個人的強烈活動參與態度可引導周遭重要親友成為支持資源，以協助漁村高齡者克服認知行為控制所 造成的障礙。 五、漁村高齡者對宗教信仰高度重視並充滿熱忱，面臨阻礙參與進香活動的因素時會致力排除，但相同的 努力卻少見於其他障礙克服經驗中。 六、受訪的漁村高齡者對參與旅遊活動的看法與ㄧ般人所認知的不同，除了認為未必要花錢參加旅行團 外，藉由不同的方式也可以得到類似旅遊的經驗。 最後，本研究針對高齡者、高齡者服務單位、高齡教育工作者，以及未來研究提出相關建議如下: 一、建議高齡者應從有興趣的活動開始，享受活動參與的樂趣，並適度表達活動參與所遭遇的困難，多與 周遭他人討論解決方法以排除活動參與障礙。 二、建議高齡者服務單位多加宣導旅遊活動帶來的好處，藉以轉換觀點，讓高齡者認為參與旅遊活動不只 是花錢遊玩，還有其他更重要的意涵。 三、為減少家庭照顧責任所帶來的活動參與障礙，建議高齡者服務單位在高齡者上識字班時，同時也開托 育班。 四、未來研究可擇取不同研究場域、不同活動參與類型或是運用多種研究方法，以進一步了解漁村高齡者 之活動參與經驗與障礙克服情形。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 活動參與 ； 計畫行為理論 ； 參與障礙

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was on the basis of the theory of planned behavior（TPB）of Ajzen（1985）to investigate the factors that affect activity participation of elders.Further investigated the barriers of activities participation and the way to overcome the barriers and the reason why they drop out the activities participation.
Qualitative research approach was employed in this study. Eight fishing village elders were recruited from the Dongshi Township in Chai-Yi County and interviewed. Whole-parts-whole framework was applied in data analysis. Conclusions of the study were as below.
1.By activities participation the elders who live in the fishing village satisfied self-needs.Besides, accept the invitation not only maintain friendship but also ease human pressure and more smooth interpersonal network.
2.Views to the theory of planned behavior, perceived behavioral control affectd the activities participation of the elders who live in the fishing village the greatest; But in fact ,strong attitude could reduce the impact of a lack of resources and capacity.
3.Among subjective norm,spouse affected activities participation of the elders the deepest and lived with their children and maintain the good relationship followed by. All contributed to raising willingness to participate activities.
4.Personal strong attitude of participation would lead relatives and friends who surrounded became a mental resources and supported the elders who live in the fishing village overcome the barriers which caused by perceived behavioral control.
5.The elders who live in the fishing village attaches to religion great importance and full of enthusiasm, when they face obstacles of the pilgrimage will work hard to eliminate,but the same efforts are rare in the other experience of overcomimg obstacles .
6.The elders who live in the fishing village cognitive different on tourism ,they don’ t thing it is necessary to spend money on participating group tours, they can also achieve a similar travel experience through many different ways.
This research offers the following suggestions:
1.The elders should star from interesting activities, enjoy the happiness of participation,express the difficulties they meat and discuss wish around others appropriately, finding the resolutions to resolve barriers.
2.In order to switch the elders’ viewpoint, the elder-service-units should promote the advantages of traveling, make them realize it’s not just spending money to play, there are other more significant implications.
3.Suggestions for the elder-service-units: The barrier of participating in activities is that the elders are in the charge of taking care of family. To get rid of the barriers, a suggestion is that it could offer nursery classes while the elders go to the learning classes.
4.Future studies could aim at different fields, different types of activities, using
variety study method to realize the elders’ experiences of activities articipating and the situation of overcoming barriers.

並列關鍵字

the elders ； activities participation ； theory of planned behavior ； barriers of participation

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