糧食安全問題包括兩個層面,一是足夠的數量,一是要有安全的品質。台灣的糧食危機經學者積極提醒而引起社會大眾注意糧食自給率不足的問題。在極端氣候和國際上投機炒作糧食商品的雙重作用之下,台灣難以避免全球糧價飇漲問題。國人的飲食習慣為米麥雙主食。若能復耕雜糧作物,減少雜糧進口量,應有助於提高台灣的糧食自給率。食的安全是糧食安全的另一個問題。有機農業雖然被視為是挽救生態與國民身心健康的安全農業;然而有機作物的價格高昂,購買力成為決定個人身心健康的主因。 嘉義阿里山以雜糧作物為主,規模雖小,但產銷無虞。其中嘉義縣阿里山鄉茶山村以不破壞自然生態聞名,在莫拉克颱風重創觀光經濟之後,友善土地的有機雜糧農作方式興起。若能夠普遍以有機雜糧農業維持村民生計與維護生態服務系統,即是從生態系統的源頭開始保護水土與糧食增產的作法。 本研究以(3+1)i 決策模型以嘉義縣為例說明推動糧食安全政策的循環過程。面對國際綠色貿易壁壘的限制,以生態系統服務的觀點復耕適地適作的雜糧作物,由政府主導對地補貼友善土地的農作與生活方式,容易被國際認可,而且對國人有利。嘉義縣似可作為試行的先例。
There are two important issues concerning food: sufficient quantities and safety. Scholars have been instrumental in raising citizens' awareness of the importance of agricultural self-sufficiency. Extreme global weather conditions and international food commodity speculation cause food prices to soar. Wheat and rice are Taiwanese' staple. When more land is devoted to grains plantation, food import will be reduced and Taiwan will be more self-sufficient. Food safety is another important issue. Organic food is considered safe and healthy, but expensive and unaffordable. Alishan is well established in grains farming. Tea-mountain Township of Alishan has famed for being eco-friendly. After its tourism devastated by Morakot Typhoon, the area rise out of the rubles with organic grain farming. This is a valuable model for being self sufficient, while protecting the local resources. This paper uses (3 +1)i decision-making model to advocate agricultural practice that leads to both food self-sufficiency and food safety. Sustainable and organic farming with better land use, wise government support and subsidy, will protect the country from food shortage and provide better quality food for citizens. Chiayi County Prefecture is a model for the rest of the country to follow.