應用於光伏式能源採集系統之高轉換效率充電晶片

本篇論文完成了一應用於光伏式能量採集系統之高轉換效率充電晶片。而本論文的採集對象是太陽能板，將收集的能量儲存在電池、超級大的電容或直接提供給負載使用。藉由設計最大功率點追蹤(MPPT)控制機置來改善太陽能板照度和溫度的變化所導致最大功率點輸出產生的偏移。對於任何一種的太陽能板，它的輸出電壓和電流確定是呈指數的關係，因此在不知道太陽能板的特性參數的情況下，就需要偵測太陽能板的輸出電壓和電流以達到最大功率點的調整。所以加入電流感測電路在轉換器的輸入端，我們也提出了利用Mixed-Signal的方式實現，以避免採用Digital Signal Processer(DSP)的方式實現所帶來巨大的能量損耗。本論文設計具MPPT控制器的能量採集充電晶片，在大範圍的照度下依舊能快速鎖定太陽能板的最大功率點且保持較高的轉換效率。此能量採集系統包含電池管理系統，依據不同大小的充電電流和放電電流以及電池的電壓即時偵測來保護電池。最後本論文以TSMC 0.35m 2P4M CMOS製程實現此應用於太陽能電池之最大功率追蹤控制昇壓型直流對直流轉換器電路架構。

關鍵字

能量採集；直流對直流轉換器；太陽能電池；最大功率追蹤；電池管理單元

並列摘要

This thesis completes a design of high-efficiency charger for photovoltaic energy harvesting systems. A photovoltaic (PV) energy-harvesting charger can convert energy from solar panels to charge batteries or super capacitors. To manage the variation in illumination and Temperature, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is essential to lock the output power of the solar panel on the maximum power points. For any generic solar cell, its output current is determined by the output voltage in an exponential relation. Without knowing the characteristics of the solar cell in advance, it is required to monitor a feedback parameter to reach its maximum power point. Current measurement is needed at the input of the boost converter. We propose a mixed-signal integration to avoid power hungry digital signal processing. In this paper, we report a charger with integrated MPPT controller that can provide fast tracking for wide-range illumination levels while keeping high conversion efficiency. Also, a battery management unit is implemented and integrated on the same IC. Finally, the design in this thesis uses TSMC 0.35m 2P4M technology to realize the circuits of this MPPT controlled boost dc-dc converter for energy harvesting.

並列關鍵字

energy harvesting ； dc-dc converter ； solar cells ； maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ； battery management unit (BMU)

參考文獻

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[5] C. R. Sullivan, M. J. Powers, “A High-Efficicency Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic Arrays in a Solar-Power Race Vehicle,” IEEE PESC.'93, pp. 574-580, 1993.

[6] J.H.R. Enslin, “Maximum Power Point Tracking: A Cost Saving Necessity in Solar Energy System,” IEEE IECON , vol.2, pp.1073-1077, 1990.

[7] M. Matsui, T. Kitano, De-hong Xu and Zhong-qing, “A New Maximum Photovoltaic Power Tracking Control Scheme Based on Power Equilibrium at DC Link,”Proceedings of Industry Applications Conference, vol.2, pp. 804-809,1999.

[8] J. Gow, and C. D. Manning,“Controller Arrangement for Boost Converter System Sourced from Solar Photovoltaic Arrays or Other Maximum Power Sources,”IEE Proceedings-Electric Power Applications, vol. 147, pp. 15-20, Jan. 2000.

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應用於光伏式能源採集系統之高轉換效率充電晶片

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