Following an increasingly global competition tendency, it is significant for companies to understand how to invest corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategically to satisfy stakeholders and create competitive advantages. The purpose of this study seeks to contribute to the CSR literature of how to invest CSR to match with strategic orientation through examine the relation between strategic orientation and CSR, and the impact of such relation on firm performance. The dataset includes the largest 3,000 U.S. companies by market capitalization and covers the years 2003-2011. The results show that prospectors will demonstrate higher level of public CSR, internal CSR and proactive CSR than defenders both in t-test and regression analysis. Moreover, prospectors demonstrate on public CSR, proactive CSR lead to significantly higher level of firm performance. In contrast, defenders invest in internal CSR and defensive CSR significantly lead to better firm performance. These findings provide a new vision for companies to examine their CSR resource allocation. Also, it highlights that the moderating effect of strategy may explain the perennial inconsistent results between CSR and firm performance.