中國對山東問題之交涉(1914-1922)

China's Diplomatic Negotiation on Shandong Problem（1914-1922）

黃馨儀(Sin-yi Huang)

指導教授 ： 蔡育岱

國立中正大學/社會科學院/戰略暨國際事務研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本文藉由檢視山東問題的歷史演進，尤其是在美國和日本對華之外交政策的影響之下，瞭解山東問題的衍生背景和由來。再者，在戰後巴黎和會上的國際局勢，各國列強在和會上的態度及各自盤算的利益之下，對於巴黎和會的召開更加產生阻礙，尤其是美國和日本兩國之間的外交角力，對中國山東問題的交涉產生轉折，最終的結果便是中國被迫在國際外交上讓步，而美國威爾遜總統為其理想主義的實踐捨棄了原本支持的中國，轉而向其他列強妥協。國際聯盟背後的國際現實考量，從山東問題的交涉便可看出其理想主義的矛盾。而會中的中國代表團的奔走與各國間的斡旋，最終在和約上拒簽。至後來的華盛頓會議召開，日本和中國的會外交涉，為中國取回山東權利，亦使中國在國際上的外交踏上嶄新的一步。

關鍵字

山東問題 ； 巴黎和會 ； 中國外交交涉 ； 威爾遜總統

並列摘要

By examining the historical evolution of the Shandong problem, especially under the influence of the foreign policy of the United States and Japan toChina, this article provides us a full context and origin of the issue. Moreover, in the postwar international situation of Conference, the conference washindered under the calculations of interests and attitudes of those big powers. Especially, the diplomatic wrangling between Japan and United States made the negotiation of Shandong problem changed sharply. The final result was thatChina was forced to make a diplomatic concession on Shandong dispute andthe president of United States, Woodrow Wilson abandoned his support forChina for the practice of his own idealism and made a consensus with other big powers. From the practical considerations of National League on Shandongproblem, we can see the internal contradiction of idealism. The Chinesedelegations mediated during the conference and refused to sign the “PeaceTreaty of Versailles”. During the Washington Conference (1921), Chinanegotiated with Japan out of the Conference and withdraw the legal right ofShandong represented a great improvement of the diplomacy of China.

並列關鍵字

Shandong problem ； the Conference of Paris (1919) ； China’s diplomatic negotiation ； the president Woodrow Wilson.

參考文獻

陳三井，「陸徵祥與巴黎和會」，臺灣師大歷史學報，第 2期（1974年2月），頁189-203。

中華民國外交部，外交檔案1912-1927（台北︰中央研究院近代史研究所藏）。

Chu, Pao-chin, V. K. Wellington Koo: A Case Study of China’s Diplomat and Diplomacy of Nationalism, 1912-1966(Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1981).

Griswold, A. Whitney, The Far Eastern Policy of the United State (Harcourt, Brace and Company, N.Y. 1938), Chapter VI.

Langer, William L., The Diplomacy of Imperialism (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1951).