本研究旨在探討破窗理論中,個人在環境知覺上的問題,釐清個人在判讀外界環境─失序現象,是否受到外界線索的影響,像是人物種族所隱含的刻板印象,而影響對於環境的判斷。 本研究設計了36張刺激照片,包括12張對照組,12張社會刺激─本國人組,和12張社會刺激─外籍人士組。在實驗室的情境下,隨機播放36張刺激照片,並搭配滑鼠軌跡軟體─是一款能夠即時記錄個人作答過程的心理學工具─作為研究工具,記錄240名中正大學學生受試者,對於上述刺激照片的施測反應。 在結果發現,本研究僅在受試者進入作答畫面,到按下開始鍵之前的時間表現上,對照組相比於社會刺激─本國人組,或社會刺激─外籍人士組有較短的反應時間。此外,受試者對於社會環境中的種族有很明顯的差別反應,看到有東南亞籍人士的圖片時,受試者比較容易認為環境是失序的,而看到台灣人的圖片時,則顯著的較不認為圖片中的環境是失序的。 因此,本研究試著提出對應於結果的解釋,闡述在台灣的社會中,對於種族所具有的刻板印象,不如在美國社會般,受到社會期望的抑制,進而隱藏本意,而是顯現於外,未受拘束的表達。所以,受試者對於東南亞外籍勞工的刻板印象,在這個研究中引發了外顯式的反應,而並非以潛藏於心中的內隱性態度來對圖片作出評斷。
This study explores the formation of perceptions of disorder specified in the broken windows thesis. Particularly, the study wants to examine whether social actor’s race affects individual’s judgment of the levels of disorderliness of a place. To understand the effects of race on individual’s perceptions of disorder, thirty-six pictures were used as the study materials in the experimental process: 12 pictures have no social actors in them and serve as the comparison group, 12 pictures contain Taiwanese social actors, and another 12 pictures contain social actors resembling foreign labors. Totally, 240 students were recruited from National Chung Cheng University as respondents. Individual’s responses to pictures, response time, and mouse-moving trajectories were recorded during the process. The results show that individuals reacted faster on the comparison pictures than on the pictures with social actors, no matter which racial groups the social actors belong to. Additionally, respondents were more likely to rate the pictures to be disorderly if the social actors within the pictures are foreigners than if the social actors are Taiwanese, or if the pictures contain no social actors. Taiwan has been a racially homogeneous country and thus, society does not expect individuals to constantly be aware of fair treatment of people of different races. Lacking of awareness of racial equality leads to the explicit expression of stereotypical biases in our society.