- 學位論文
父母教養行為與個人社會認知能力對青少年利社會行為傾向之關係
Relationships between parental practices, sociocognitive characteristics, and prosocial behaviors in adolescence.
摘要
本研究旨在探討父母教養行為與相關的個人社會認知能力對於青少年利社會行為傾向發展的關聯情形。本研究以嘉義縣、市各三所國中生為研究對象進行問卷調查，共得有效樣本471人，其中男生271人（54.8%），女生196人（41.6%）。結果發現除了在利他的利社會行為傾向以及部份利社會道德推理原則之外，年級對其他利社會行為傾向及其相關變項並無顯著差異存在。此外，在性別差異部分，女生在同情心、自我調節能力、利社會道德推理原則中的內化價值觀，以及部份的利社會行為傾向上顯著高於男生。父母的正向引導教養行為、個人自我調節能力、同情心、觀點取替能力及利社會道德推理與青少年的利社會行為傾向發展有正相關；另一方面，父母的處罰教養行為與當眾的、急迫的以及匿名的情境下的利社會行為傾向亦有正向關聯。本研究也以階層迴歸探討不同變項對利社會行為傾向之預測性，結果發現性別、年齡、父母的教養行為、觀點取替能力、同情心、自我調節能力以及利社會道德推理對不同利社會行為傾向具有不同程度的預測性。整體而言，本研究的結果發現與預期相符，亦即父母的教養行為、個人自我調節能力、同情心、觀點取替能力及利社會道德推理與青少年的利社會行為傾向發展有密切的關聯性，尤其是利社會德推理能力。未來研究可針對台灣其它地區的國中生加以探討相關因素對利社會行為傾向影響是否有所差異，並加入其他可能影響因子（例如同儕、友人），以期對青少年利社會行為傾向發展有更深入的探討。
並列摘要
The current study is to examine the relations among parental practices, adolescents’ sociomoral cognitions and emotions, and prosocial behavioral tendencies in adolescence. Four hundred and seventy one (271 boys, and 196 girls) junior high school students from Chayi county and city completed a questionnaire which assesses the study variables including parental induction and punitiveness, sympathy, perspective taking, self-regulation, prosocial moral reasoning, and prosocial behavioral tendencies. In general, the results show that the grade level predicted only altruistic behavioral tendency and a few types of prosocial moral reasoning. On the other hand, girls reported more sympathy, self-regulation, internalized moral reasoning, and compliant, altruism, and emotional prosocial behaviors than did boys. Moreover, adolescents’ prosocial behavior development can be fostered by inductive parenting practices, sympathy, perspective taking, self-regulation, and moral reasoning. Interestingly, parental punitive practices also positively related to three types of prosocial behavior tendencies: public, dire and anonymous. Finally, the regression analysis results show that all the study variables contributed to different prosocial behaviors in various degrees. Overall, all the study variables are relevant to the development of adolescent prosocial behaviors; more specifically, parental practices and prosocial moral reasoning appear to be the key factors. The discussion focuses on possible cultural differences in punitive parenting impact, the importance of prosocial moral reasoning in moral behavior, and various effects of the study variables on the six prosocial behaviors. Future research should include samples from other areas in Taiwan and take into account other variables such as peer relations and close friends influence to further investigate the prosocial development of adolescents.