主導廠商設定價格與交易模式下影響追隨者經營風險因素分析—以台灣電爐煉鋼產業為例

鄭順燐(Zheng,Shunlin)

指導教授 ： 鍾憲瑞

國立中正大學/管理學院/高階主管管理碩士在職專班/碩士(2013年)

摘要

近年來鋼鐵產業從供需失衡逐漸轉變成供給過剩，環境變動快速，各國政府為因應國際經濟景氣急遽變動，會採取不同的貿易保護政策，容易造成鋼品價格起伏不定，廢鋼是各種鋼品的主要原料，直接受到鋼鐵產業環境變動之影響；本研究以探討台灣電爐煉鋼產業利用寡占優勢，在市場以領導地位設定原料廢鋼收購價格與交易模式，致賣方追隨者廢鋼貿易商在面對電爐煉鋼廠商之交易過程中，受限於議價能力及既定之交易模式，所產生的經營風險因素，以參考文獻、理論及彙整產業界之論點，剖析廢鋼貿易商經營風險因素成因，提出因應策略供參考。
本研究以台灣電爐煉鋼產業為研究範圍，以質性研究方式，對兩家較具代表性之電爐煉鋼廠商，及六家較具規模之廢鋼貿易商負責人或高階主管進行訪談，彙整電爐煉鋼廠商與廢鋼貿易商雙方交易行為存在之現象，及可能產生之經營風險因素，在分析和探討後歸納出以下結論：
一、 在主導廠商設定交易模式的情形下，賣方追隨者議價能力較弱，經營風險上升。
二、 在主導廠商設定交易模式的情形下，景氣轉差時，高脈絡交易習慣，會使得賣方追隨者經營風險降低。
三、 在主導廠商設定交易模式的情形下，主導者可影響價格，使賣方追隨者經營風險上升。
四、 在主導廠商設定交易模式的情形下，景氣轉差時，賣方追隨者受制於既定交易模式，應變能力較弱，承受系統風險較大。
五、 在主導廠商設定價格的情形下，政府管制進出口之貿易政策較不利於賣方追隨者，經營風險上升。
六、 在主導廠商設定價格的情形下，賣方追隨者利潤易受限制，成本轉嫁能力較弱，經營風險上升。

關鍵字

議價力 ； 交易模式 ； 電爐煉鋼產業 ； 經營風險

並列摘要

In recent years, the steel industry has gradually changed from the supply and demand imbalance to oversupply. As the environment changes rapidly, every government adopts different trade protection policy in response to rapid changes in the international economy which is apt to cause price fluctuation of steel commodities.
Scrap is the main raw material of every steel product which is directly affected by the changes in the steel industry environment. The study investigates that Taiwan's Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking industry takes the advantage of oligopoly in order to manipulate the market price and trading patterns of scrap. The seller followers are usually limited by their bargaining power and existing trading patterns during the transaction process with EAF steelmaking manufacturers which are the factors of operational risks. The study utilizes references, theories and views from the industry to analyze factors of scrap traders’ operational risks and to provide strategies for reference.
The main scope of this research is EAF steelmaking industry in Taiwan. It adopts qualitative research methods to interview two representative EAF steelmakers and six senior managers of larger scrap traders. The study focuses on the existing trading behavior phenomenon between EAF steelmakers and scrap traders as well as its factors of operational risks. The conclusions after analyzing and discussing are as follows:

First, as EAF steel makers dominate the trading patterns, the seller followers’ bargaining power is comparatively weaker and the operation risks become higher.

Second, as EAF steel makers dominate the trading patterns, when the economy gets worse, the high contextual trading habits will make the seller followers operational risks reduce.

Third, as EAF steel makers dominate the trading patterns, they can influence the price to cause the seller followers’ operational risks to rise.

Forth, as EAF steel makers dominate the trading patterns, when economy is getting worse and worse, the seller followers will be limited by the existing trading patterns, have weaker ability to take response, and withstand system at higher risks.

Fifth, as the EAF steel makers set the price, the government’s policy of restricting import and export trade is unfavorable to seller followers, so the operational risks increase.

Sixth, as the EAF steel makers set the price, the seller followers’ profit is limited and their ability to pass through the cost is negligible, so the operational risks increase.

參考文獻

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