- 學位論文
論職業災害之國家安全保護義務
Discussion on National Safety Protection Obligations on Occupational Accidents
摘要
行政院院會於2012年11月15日審查通過行政院勞工委員會所擬具「勞工安全衛生法」修正草案，名稱為「職業安全衛生法」，其保障人數由現行670萬人增加至1067萬人。面對適用範圍的擴大與雇主責任的加重，如何提昇勞工職業災害之預防機制，將是政府未來重要的課題。 目前職業災害制度僅對事前預防及事後處理有所著墨，故仍無法讓勞工獲得充分保護。基於憲法保障勞工之立場，國家、機關亦有保障勞工生命、身體及健康免於遭受威脅或侵害之義務。 本研究以勞工安全衛生法定義務之職業災害事件，探討國家對勞工應負之安全保護義務，透過風險管理之建立，分析政策之效益性與風險性，讓受規範者及行政機關能維持適當之平衡關係，如此方符合國家照顧勞工的立場，減少災害發生，確保勞工權益。
並列摘要
On November 15, 2012, Executive Yuan reviewed and passed the amended the Labor Safety and Health Act drafted by the Council of Labor Affairs, and named it the Occupational Safety and Health Act. The applicable population under this Act increased from the current 6.7 million to 10.67 million. With the expansion of scope and increase of employers’ responsibilities, how to enhance prevention mechanism of labor occupational accidents has become an important issue for the government. Currently, occupational accident system only focuses on advanced prevention and after-treatment, and it cannot completely protect labor. According to constitution, countries and institutions have the obligations to protect labors’ lives, bodies and health to prevent them from threats or harms. This study uses the occupational accidents defined in the Labor Safety and Health Act to discuss the safety protection obligations of the government on the labors. By construction of risk management, it analyzes effectiveness and risk of policy. Thus, the population that is subject to the Act and the administration institutions can maintain a balanced relationship, facilitating the governmental protection over the labors, avoiding accidents, and guaranteeing labor rights.