回溯式虛擬條件句

Backtracking Subjunctive Conditionals

鄭舜仁(Shun-Jen Cheng)

指導教授 ： 王一奇

國立中正大學/文學院/哲學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

當路易斯 (David Lewis) 在 “ Counterfactual Dependence and Time’s Arrow ” (Lewis, 1979) 這篇文章中,提出了關於回溯式論證在虛擬條件句中所產生的問 題,以及狄羅斯 (Keith DeRose) 在 ” The Conditionals of Deliberation ” (DeRose, 2010) 這篇文章中,認為回溯式論證在思慮行為上會產生不良的影響,因此回溯式論證似乎在應用上有很大的限制。但在其他的領域中,特別是在軟體工程的領域裡,回溯式論證卻不斷地被應用,並且在這些實際的應用中得到良好的結果。因此,我們不禁懷疑,回溯式論證的應用應該要在哪些基礎之下去運作,才不會出現諸如路易斯與狄羅斯所描述的問題。筆者將試著找出這些能夠使得回溯式論證運作良好的基礎或限制,來讓我們可以更完整地掌握回溯式論證的應用方式。

關鍵字

回溯式虛擬條件句 ； 虛擬條件句 ； 回溯式論證 ； 路易斯 ； 狄羅斯

並列摘要

Backtracking subjunctive conditionals are those of which subjunctive conditionals to be evaluated base on backtracking to preconditions of how things would be caused. David Lewis (1979) and Keith DeRose (2010) both think that backtracking has unwelcome consequence. David Lewis points out that backtracking is non-standard and unstable. Keith DeRose thinks that backtracking is unavailable for future directed subjunctive conditionals. In this thesis, the objective is to propose backtracking subjunctive conditionals for some applications especially in software engineering, which considers backtracking evaluation as an important role. I will first articulate the arguments from David Lewis (1979) and Keith DeRose (2010) then try to establish some counterexamples to show that their claims are not adequate in engineering fields. Furthermore, I also try to propose some hypothesizes base on these observations.

並列關鍵字

Subjunctive Conditional ； Keith DeRose ； David Lewis ； Backtracking argument ； Backtracking Subjunctive Conditional

參考文獻

王文方 (2007)。〈虛擬條件句理論述評〉,《台大哲學評論》,33: 133-182。 (Wang, W.-F. [2007]. On theories of counterfactuals. NTU Philosophical Review, 33: pp. 133-182.)

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Bennett, Jonathan (1984). ‘Counterfactuals and Temporal Direction’ . Philosophical Review, Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 57-91.

Contessa, Gabriele (2006). ‘On the Supposed Temporal Asymmetry of Counterfactual Dependence; or : It Wouldn't Have Taken a Miracle!’, dialectica, Vol. 60, No. 4 (2006), pp. 461–473.

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