羅伯特史蒂文生綁架小說中的資本慣習與場域

Capital, Habitus, and Field in Robert Louis Stevenson's Kidnapped

邱品堯(Pin Yao Chiu)

指導教授 ： 林欣瑩

國立中正大學/文學院/外國語文學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

羅伯特．史蒂文生(Robert Louis Stevenson)的《綁架》(Kidnapped)小說中有任何歷史意涵嗎? 如果這樣的意涵確實存在於小說中，為何史蒂文生選擇將1745年詹姆士二世黨人起義後的年代設為《綁架》的時空背景? 史蒂文生對蘇格蘭內部各族群的「文化衝突」抱持著怎樣的立場?史蒂文生對蘇格蘭內部的文化衝突的關注就會被讀者發現到已表現在文本之中，因此本文藉由皮耶．布迪厄(Pierre Bourdieu)的「場域」(Field)、「慣習」(Habitus)以及「資本」(Capital)這三個觀點來分析羅伯特．史蒂文生(Robert Louis Stevenson)《綁架》(Kidnapped)小說中的蘇格蘭內部「文化衝突」。
本篇論文依據蘇格蘭高地人和低地人之間的「道德衝突」和「價值衝突」來分為兩章，第一章分析小說主人翁大衛(David Balfour)在「盟約號」(the Covenant Ship)的經驗來檢視道德衝突的議題。為了更凸顯這個衝突點，第一章將包含下四個角度:第一、本文將會運用布迪厄「慣習」的概念來分析豪森船長(Captain Hoseason)以及他的水手們所展現的行為模式。第二、本文將會再次應用布迪厄「慣習」的觀念去理解艾倫(Allan Breck Stewart)的行為。第三、使用布迪厄「場域」的概念去深究高地人和低地人不同行為的來源。第四、將保守福音派(Covenanters)在英國內戰(the British Civil War)期間的歷史和豪森船長的船名「盟約號」做連結。以上分析主要的目的是在闡述史蒂文生藉由暗指英國內戰時期英國國會、保守福音派以及斯圖爾特家族的鬥爭來表達這個17世紀的內鬥持續影響到18世紀蘇格蘭高地人和低地人的道德歧異。
第二章著重在蘇格蘭高地人和低地人之間的「價值衝突」，這個章節包括了三個部分：第一、本文採用布迪厄「慣習」的概念來展現文本中蘇格蘭高地人和低地人道德的差異性。第二、本文將採用布迪厄「資本」的概念來解釋小說中代表典型的(非普遍生活中的)蘇格蘭高地人和低地人資本類型的分配。第三、本文企圖分析一些在詹姆士二世黨人的1745年起義(the Jacobite Rising of 1745)後的歷史事件，例如：棄械法案(the Disarming Act)以及亞平謀殺案(the Appin Murder)。以上三點主要目的是闡述詹姆士二世黨人在1745年起義的價值衝突可以被視為英國內戰的一種延續，而蘇格蘭高地人和低地人的文化衝突(例如:價值衝突)持續影響著人民的行為模式。有些蘇格蘭人傾向累積物質的財富，也有些蘇格蘭人積極的宣揚國家的精神榮譽。換句話說，蘇格蘭人之間的文化衝突可以被解讀成各族群對歷史有著不同的解讀而造成的結果。

關鍵字

場域 ； 皮耶布迪厄 ； 羅伯特史蒂文生 ； 慣習 ； 資本

並列摘要

Does Robert Louis Stevenson’s Kidnapped have any historical implication? If so, why does Stevenson choose the age after the Jocobite Rebellion of 1745 to be the setting of Kidnapped? What is Stevenson’s view of the cultural conflict in Scotland? When these questions are to be answered, Stevenson’s attention to the cultural turmoil in his native land, Scotland, would be observed in his works. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concepts of “field,” “habitus,” and “capital,” this thesis aims to account for the cultural conflict between Scottish Highlanders and Lowlanders in Stevenson’s Kidnapped.
This thesis will be divided into two chapters, depending on the moral conflict between Scottish Highlanders and Lowlanders, and their cultural value conflict. The first chapter examines the moral conflict by David’s experience at the Covenant Ship. To make this contradiction more specific, chapter one will be further divided into four parts. First, I will adopt Bourdieu’s idea of habitus to analyze the behavior modes of Captain Hoseason and his sailors. Second, I will apply Bourdieu’s idea of habitus again to perceive Allan Breck’s behaviors. Third, I plan to explore the origin of different behaviors between Scottish Highlanders and Lowlanders by Bourdieu’s concept of field. Forth, I attempt to associate Covenanters’ history during the British Civil War with the name of Captain Hoseason’s ship－the Covenant. I maintain that Stevenson presented the long term reason of Scottish Highlanders and Lowlanders’ moral discrepancy in 18th century by alluding to the political collision among the English Parliament, Covenanters, and the Stuart family during the British Civil War.
The second chapter resides on the cultural value conflict between Scottish Highlanders and Lowlanders. This chapter includes three parts. First, drawing upon Bourdieu’s idea of habitus, I attempt to demonstrate Highlanders and Lowlanders’ moral discrepancy by scrutinizing David’s adventure in Scottish Highland. Second, Bourdieu’s concept of capital will be utilized to explain how Scottish Highlanders and Lowlanders distribute their capital forms. Third, I attempt to analyze some historical events after the Jacobite Rising of 1745, such as the Disarming Act and the Appin Murder, which Stevenson designs it as the setting of Kidnapped. I suggest that the turmoil of the Jacobite Rising of 1745 was the extension induced by the British Civil War. The cultural conflict between Scottish Highlanders and Lowlanders like cultural value discrepancy continually affected Scottish People’s behavior mode after Charles Stewart’s failure in 1745. Some Scottish people decide to put the material property in priority while others emphasize Scottish national spirit. In short, I maintain that Scottish cultural conflict in the 18th century results from people’s diverse interpretations to Charles Stewart’s failure.

並列關鍵字

Field ； Pierrie Bourdieu ； Robert Louis Stevenson ； Habitus ； Captial

參考文獻

Works Cited

I. Primary Sources

B. Literature Reviews of Author’s Life

II. Secondary Sources

Buckton, Oliver S. Cruising with Robert Louis Stevenson: Travel, Narrative, and the Colonial Body. Athens: Ohio UP, 2007. Print.