交流微電網之建模、控制策略與時域模擬

近幾年來隨著石化燃料價格不斷上漲和環保意識的抬頭，再生能源的發展已成為各國重視的議題之一。微電網整合了再生能源和分散式能源，增加分散式能源滲透率，透過有效的管理和控制提高供電品質和可靠性。分散式能源包和了分散式發電系統和分散式儲能設備，分散式一詞代表供電設備靠近負載。大多數的分散式能源都需透過電力電子轉換器併入電網，透過電力電子設備可使微電源在運作和控制上變得更加有彈性。一般而言，在正常情況下，微電網與市電併聯，利用實功虛功控制，使各個微電源按照預定功率做輸出，而功率差額則由市電來做補充或吸收。當微電網與市電解聯時，特定機組會切換成下垂控制負責維持微電網的電壓和頻率，繼續提供功率給負載。而在系統管理層面，也加入了階層式控制的概念，根據情況透過微電網中央管理系統對微電源和負載進行合理的控制。本論文利用Matlab/Simulink去建立交流微電網模型，對微電網併網、孤島模式切換和負載變化進行模擬。此外，利用即時模擬器去比較即時模擬和離線模擬的精確性和計算時間。最後對模擬結果進行分析，驗證所提出的微電網架構和控制策略的有效性。

關鍵字

下垂控制；實功虛功控制；分散式能源；階層式控制；即時模擬

並列摘要

In recent years, due to the soaring fossil fuel prices and environmental concerns, the development of renewable energy resources have become an important issue in many countries. Microgrid can help integrate renewable energy and other forms of distributed energy resources (DER), increases the DER penetration, and improve power quality and reliability through appropriate management. DER including distributed generation (DG) and distributed storage (DS) are sources of energy located near local loads. Many forms of distributed energy resources are interfaced to the utility grid with power electronic converters. These devices make the microsources more flexible in their operation and control. In general, under the normal operation, a microgrid is connected to the utility grid, and each DG provides a preset power to the network through active/reactive power control (PQ control), whereas the utility grid is responsible for supplying/absorbing any power discrepancy. When the microgrid is disconnected from the utility grid, at least one unit switches to droop control from PQ control in order to regulate the voltage and frequency in the microgrid and continue to offer power to local load. At the system level, the microgrid uses a hierarchical control. The microgrid control center (MGCC) will send signals to microsource controllers (MC) and load controllers (LC) informing which control strategy to use. This thesis adopts Matlab/Simulink to create microgrid models. Several operation conditions including grid connected mode, islanding mode and load variation are simulated. Moreover, utilizing real-time digital simulator (RTDS) to compare the accuracy and computation time between real-time and off-line simulations is performed. Finally, the performance and effectiveness of the proposed control strategies for the microgrid are verified by investigating the simulation results.

並列關鍵字

droop control ； active/reactive power control ； Distributed energy resource ； hierarchical control ； real-time simulation

參考文獻

[1] T. L. Vandoorn, J. D. M. De Kooning, B. Meersman, and L. Vandevelde, “Review of Primary Control Strategies for Islanded Microgrids with Power-Electronic Interfaces,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 19, pp. 613 - 628, March 2013.

[3] B. Kroposki, R. Lasseter, T. Ise, S. Morozumi, S. Papatlianassiou, and N. Hatziargyriou, “Making microgrids work,” IEEE Power and Energy Mag., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 40 – 53, May/June 2008.

[4] F. Katiraei, M.R. Iravani, and P.W. Lehn, “Micro-grid autonomous operation during and subsequent to islanding process,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 248 – 257, Jan. 2005.

[5] A.K. Saha, S. Chowdhury, S.P. Chowdhury, and P.A.Crossley, “Modelling & Simulation of Microturbine in Islanded and Grid-connected Mode as Distributed Energy Resource,” Power System Technology, pp. 1 – 5, Oct. 2010.

[6] A. Al-Hinai and Feliachi, “Dynamic Model of a Microturbine used as a Distributed Generator,” in Proc. System Theory, pp. 209 – 213, 2002.

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交流微電網之建模、控制策略與時域模擬

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