假設R是一個交換環且I是一個理想 假設R × R的子環是由(r,r + i) for r ∈ R and i ∈ I 所組成的 引用一個新的稱為amalgamated duplication of a ring along an ideal 最後說明這些圖是屬於 二分圖,平面,或Km
Let R be a commutative ring with identity and let I be an ideal of R. Let the subring of R × R consisting of the elements (r,r + i) for r ∈ R and i ∈ I. Introduce a new general construction, called the amalgamated duplication of a ring R along an R-module E. Then we illustrate these graphics as the bipartite, planar and Km of the zero-divisor graph of the ring.