因應全球化時代的來臨,我國金融監督管理委員會規定上市、上櫃及興櫃公司自2013年開始正式採用台灣國際財務報導準則(即T-IFRS)編製財務報告,並依規定2012年以我國財務會計準則(ROC GAAP)與T-IFRS雙軌並行,該公司須在2012年期中及期末報表中揭露ROC GAAP與T-IFRS之差異調節金額,並提供財務狀況及損益調節資訊,以利報表使用者瞭解IFRS重大調整項目及其影響。 本研究以國內上市公司共698家公司為對象,採用多元迴歸進行研究,主要探討首次適用T-IFRS對保留盈餘調整的影響因素,以退休金精算損益、累積帶薪假成本、累積換算調整數選擇豁免、未按持股比例認購及未實現重估增值選擇豁免等5項為自變數。實證結果顯示:除退休金精算損益與保留盈餘調整數之影響呈負相關的假說並未獲得支持外,累積帶薪假成本與保留盈餘調整數之影響呈顯著負相關,累積換算調整數選擇豁免、未按持股比例認購及未實現重估增值選擇豁免與保留盈餘調整數之影響呈正相關,皆獲得支持。 本研究以自變數的實證結果,說明由ROC GAAP轉換為T-IFRS調整保留盈餘的調整情形,探討其對未分配盈餘課稅之影響,希望在兼顧租稅中立及租稅公平之原則下,探求所得稅法修正草案之課稅規定,做為賦稅主管機關修法或規範相關課稅規定之參考。
In responding to the globalization era of the world, the Financial Supervisory Commission of Executive Yuan, ROC, announced that publicly traded companies listed on Taiwan Stock Exchange (“TSE”), GreTai Securities Market (“GreTai”) or Emerging Market in Taiwan should adopt Taiwanese IFRS (“T-IFRS”) in year 2013. These companies should disclose the reconciliations between ROC GAAP and T-IFRS, as well as reconciliations of statements of financial position and income in year 2012, in order for the users of financial statements to gain an understanding of the impact. The thesis adopts a multiple regression analysis to examine the adjustments of first-time adoption of T-IFRS on the balance of beginning retained earnings. The sample consists of 689 companies from TSE. The independent variables of the analysis include actuarial gains and losses, accumulated compensated absences, cumulative translation adjustment exemption, percentage changes in shareholding due from non-proportionate subscription/non-subscription of new shares and unrealized revaluation increment exemption. The results show that the hypothesis of actuarial gains and losses correlates negatively with adjustment to beginning retained earnings was not sufficiently supported. On the contrary, the results showed a negative correlation between accumulated compensated absences and adjustment to beginning retained earnings. In addition, cumulative translation adjustment exemption, percentage changes in shareholding due from non-proportionate subscription/non-subscription of new shares and unrealized revaluation increments exemptions correlates positively with adjustments to beginning retained earnings. The 10% surtax on undistributed earnings is a significant issue for all sampled companies. Based on the empirical findings, a proposed revision to the Income Tax Act for the 10% surtax on undistributed earnings for companies with first-time adoption of T-IFRS is raised for the reference of Tax Regulators.