釣魚台爭端下海岸巡防署護漁工作運作之研究

A Study on the Fishery Protection of the Coast Guard Administration Under the Diaoyutai Disputes

葉警中(Ching-Chung Yeh)

指導教授 ： 宋學文

國立中正大學/社會科學院/戰略暨國際事務研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

摘 要

為維護我國漁民在台日專屬經濟海域重疊區域作業之權益，並利我巡防機關海域執法作業之便，92年間行政院邀請有關部會及學者專家就台日專屬經濟海域範圍與相關問題進行研議，經數月研商完成「中華民國第一批專屬經濟海域暫定執法線」，為我國漁民劃定一個安全捕撈之作業範圍，及海域執法機關可依據之執法範圍。

日本則依「等距原則」，在重疊海域劃設「中間線」，台日雙方劃界時，均未經協議，不但各自堅持也互不承認。我國公布暫定執法線後，雖能解決部份問題，但爭議仍然存在，海岸巡防署於執法時曾數度發生雙方公務船舶對峙之局面，所幸彼此均理性克制並未釀成大衝突。

按政府公布「暫定執法線」以來，我海巡機關一直照政府規定執行海域執法及護漁任務，然我漁民在該海域附近作業遭日本公務船舶之驅離、取締及扣押等事件仍時有所聞，其事件究係我政府及執法機關未善盡護漁工作，或漁民不瞭解國際海洋法誤入日方主張之專屬經濟海域，抑或漁民不守規定越界至它國領海
捕魚致遭日方扣押、罰款等，實宜就已生案例予探究釐清，以正視聽。
現今我國與日本對於該海域是否具有相同共識，我國如何維護漁民在該區域的作業安全，在不涉及主權議題下進行新的漁業談判，對臺日是否能出現新的解決契機，本文就海巡署護漁勤務作法、護漁案例、有關爭點及海域執法所面臨之問題等進一步探討。

關鍵詞：海巡署、釣魚台、護漁、暫定執法線、漁業協定

關鍵字

暫定執法線 ； 護漁 ； 釣魚台 ； 海巡署 ； 漁業協定

並列摘要

Abstract

To protect the right of fisherman of this country for their operation in the overlapping area of the Exclusive Economic Sea Zone of Taiwan and Japan and to facilitate the law enforcement operation of our coast patrol organization in the related sea zone, the Executive Yuan has, in 2003, invited the related departments, the scholars and experts to discuss on the scope and related problems of the Exclusive Economic Sea Zone of Taiwan and Japan. After several months of discussions, “temporary law enforcement line of the first lot of Exclusive Economic Sea Zone of the Republic of China” has been finished, which is a safe fishing operation scope for the fisherman of our country and is also a law enforcement scope that the sea zone law enforcement organization can follow.

Moreover, Japan has followed “equidistant principle” to draw “central line” on the overlapping sea zone. When both Japan and Taiwan are drawing the lines, no negotiation has been carried out, both sides not only insist on their own view points, but do not recognize each other either. After the announcement of temporary law enforcement line by our country, although part of the problems can be solved, yet the controversy is still there. When the Coast Guard Administration is enforcing the law, the situation of government ship confronting each other has happened for several times, however, no big conflict occurs due to rational control of the behavior on both sides.

Ever since the government has announced “temporary law enforcement line”, our coast patrol organization has followed government’s regulation to implement law enforcement job and fishery protection job in the sea zone. However, our fishermen are occasionally driven away, banned and detained by the Japan’s government ship in the neighborhood of that sea zone. In these events, is it because our government and law enforcement organization does not do its fishery protection duty well or because our fisherman does not known the international ocean law and enter the Exclusive Economic Sea Zone as claimed by Japan or because our fisherman does not obey the rules and cross the borderline to the territory sea of other country to do fishing, well, a better way is to investigate on the existed cases before a conclusion is drawn.
Today, do we have the consensus with Japan on that sea zone, how does our country keep the safety of operation of our fisherman in that sea zone and will new chance of resolution evolves for Taiwan and Japan when new fishery negotiation is launched without involving sovereignty issue. Moreover, fishery protection action and fishery protection case performed by Coast Guard Administration, the related controversial issue and the issues faced during the law enforcement in the sea field, etc. will be discussed in this paper.

Key words: Coast Guard Administration, Diaoyutai, fishery protection, temporary law enforcement line, Fishery Agreement

並列關鍵字

fishery protection ； Diaoyutai ； Coast Guard Administration ； temporary law enforcement line ； Fishery Agreement

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