探討中國微型金融機構財務績效與社會績效之雙目標關係

蔡健忠(CHIEN-CHUNG TSAI)

指導教授 ： 何加政

國立中正大學/管理學院/財務金融學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

「微型金融」是全球金融發展過程的一項偉大創舉。孟加拉經濟學教授尤努斯所創辦的窮人銀行(Grameen Bank,葛拉敏銀行) 被公認為全球第一家微型貸款機構，並曾幫助數以百萬計的窮人脫離貧困，尤努斯因此獲得諾貝爾和平獎，但重要的是微型金融的概念迅速獲得全球矚目，並被期望能夠成為解決各國(尤其窮人所佔比例甚高的開發中國家)經濟與社會病症的萬靈丹。
微型金融機構存在之首要目標應該是社會目標，亦即以幫助窮人脫離貧窮為主要目的。然而，無論是營利性或非營利性的微型金融機構，仍需顧及到財務目標，因為即便是非營利性的機構亦無法在長期沒有獲利甚至損失的狀況下存活。因此，微型金融機構有別於純粹以獲利為目的之傳統銀行機構在於其需同時達到財務績效與社會績效。
本研究探討中國大陸微型金融機構的雙基線 (double bottom lines) 目標是否能同時達成，抑或是會有所衝突。實證結果發現社會績效及財務績效是可以兼容的，亦即雙基線的目標並非無法達成。

關鍵字

社會績效 ； 財務績效 ； 微型金融機構 ； 微型金融 ； 雙基線

並列摘要

“Microfinance” is a pioneering work for the process of global financial development. The Grameen Bank established by Muhammad Yunus, an economics professor from Bangladesh, is generally acknowledged as the first global Microfinance institution. This institution used to assist millions of poor people to shake off poverty. As a result of this, Professor Yunus was rewarded Nobel Prize couple years ago. Above all is that the concept of Microfinance draws worldwide attention in a short period of time, and is expected to be the panacea for economic and social problems all over the world, especially those developing countries which have high proportional rate of destitute people.
The primary goal of Microfinance is to achieve social objectives, namely, to overcome poverty for the poor people among the world. However, the microfinance institution no matter for-profit or nonprofit, it should consider financial objectives due to even non-profit organization cannot survive without profit or suffer financial loss for a lone period of time. Therefore, the difference between microfinance institution and traditionally banks is that to achieve financial and social achievements simultaneously.
This research probes into the goal of “double bottom lines” of the microfinance institutions from mainland China is whether achievable simultaneously or not, or eventually becomes a contradictive issue. The practical result of microfinance turns out to be that social and financial achievements can include in one and monopolize it, meaning that the goal of double bottom lines is achievable.

參考文獻

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