中高齡者社會支持與生活滿意度關係之研究

The Analysis of the Relationship between Elders’ Social Support and Life Satisfaction

張玉坪(Chang Yu-Ping)

指導教授 ： 李雅慧

國立中正大學/教育學院/成人及繼續教育學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本研究旨在瞭解中高齡者社會支持與生活滿意度之關係，先從不同背景變項與社會支持、生活滿意度之差異著手分析，再進一步探討中高齡者社會支持與生活滿意度之關係。
為達上述目的，本研究採用次級資料庫分析，以2007年「臺灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查問卷」之部分選項作為研究工具，以年滿54歲以上，設籍於台灣地區331個平地鄉鎮之老人為研究對象，本研究之有效樣本共計3651位，將資料經描述統計、卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定與皮爾森積差相關進行統計分析後，獲致研究發現，並據此得出九項研究結論：
一、 國內中高齡者擁有中上程度的情感支持以及偏低的網絡支持。
二、 中高齡女性之網絡支持較男性為佳。
三、 65歲以上中高齡者之網絡支持優於54-64歲者。
四、 有偶、自評健康狀況越好、經濟狀況越佳的中高齡者，其情感支持與網絡支持也愈高。
五、 情感支持、教育程度愈高的中高齡者其網絡支持愈低。
六、 中高齡者的生活滿意度屬中上程度。
七、 「54-64歲」、有偶、自評健康狀況越好、教育程度愈高、自評經濟狀況越滿意的中高齡者，生活滿意度也越高。
八、 情感支持度愈高的中高齡者，其生活滿意度愈高。
九、 生活滿意度高的中高齡者其網絡支持反而低於生活滿意度低的中高齡者。

最後，根據研究結論，分別對政府機構、整體中高齡者及未來研究提出以下建議:
一、 給政府機構的建議：建立完善之年金與社會福利制度提高中高齡者經濟穩定度；透過成人教育途徑培養中高齡者理財的知識與技能；建構老人社會支持網絡；建立獎勵機制鼓勵中高齡者參與學習以提升工作與生活技能；落實中高齡者的健康檢查服務；促進中高齡者健康常識認知。
二、 給整體中高齡者的建議：養成規律的運動習慣促進身體健康狀況；積極參與各項學習活動；定期健康檢查；積極的社會參與；主動與親友保持密切聯繫；及早進行理財規劃。
三、 給未來研究的建議：就研究樣本、研究工具及研究取向提出討論以供參考。

關鍵字

生活滿意度 ； 社會支持 ； 中高齡者

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between elders’ social support and life satisfaction. This analysis starts by analyzing the differences between various social supports, life satisfaction ratings, and then focuses on studying the correlation between elders’ social support and life satisfaction.

To reach the objective, this study is conducted with secondary data research. Theinstrument that is partially used is a survey called “2007 Survey of Health and Living Status of the middle Aged and Elderly in Taiwan Survey Report.” The participants are 3651 elders, age 54 and above, and have established household register in one of 331 towns in Taiwan. The data is analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent-sample t Test, Spearman Rank Correlation, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. This research concludes with nine conclusions:

1. Elders, who have an above average emotional support, have a low network support.
2. Female elders have a better network support than male elders.
3. Elders who are age 65 and above have a better network support than the elders who are age between 54 and 64.
4. Elders, who have a spouse, self-rate their health condition and economical status well, receive a better emotional support and network support.
5. Elders, who receive higher education and emotional support, have a low networksupport.
6. Elders are satisfied with their life satisfaction.
7. Age 54 to 64 elders, having a spouse, self-rating their health conditions well, receive a higher level of education, and better economical status, resulting a higher lifesatisfaction.
8. Elders, who have a higher emotional support, have a higher life satisfaction.
9. Elders who have a higher life satisfaction, have a lower network support than elders who have a lower life satisfaction.

The conclusions have leaded to several recommendations. They are made for thegovernment, elders, and future studies.
1. Recommendations to the government: (1) Build a proper pension plan and a social welfare function to stabilize elders’ economical stability. (2) Teach elders financial management through adult education. (3) Build a network to support elders. (4) Encourage elders to participate in learning activities in order to improve working and life skills. (5) Provide physical examination services to elders. (6) Improve elders’ health knowledge.
2. Recommendations to elders: (1) Exercise regularly to improve health. (2) Participate in various learning activities. (3) Perform physical examination regularly. (4) Participate in social activities. (5) Take initiative in contacting friends. (6) Plan out your financialmanagement early.
3. Recommendations to future studies: (1) Make references on this research’s sampling, research tools, and research direction.

並列關鍵字

life satisfaction ； social support ； elders

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