中高齡男性退休後再就業及學習歷程之研究

The Research of the Re-employment and Learning Processes of Retired Middle Aged and Older Males

黃緻茵(Chih-Ying Huang)

指導教授 ： 李雅慧

國立中正大學/教育學院/成人及繼續教育學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

嬰兒潮世代已進入退休期，從全職工作到完全退休之間，他們轉換的歷程為何？在過程中產生甚麼學習的歷程？又遭遇到甚麼樣的障礙？在國外行之有年的漸進式退休，又稱「橋接聘雇」，在我國實施的情形如何？本質性研究針對9位45歲以上的男性中高齡退休者為研究的對象，以半結構式訪談法，探討他們退休後再就業及學習的歷程。
根據訪談資料及分析，本研究結果發現：1.在參與動機方面，中高齡男性在退休後會參與橋接工作有如下因素：延續職涯、人際關係的引薦、原機構留任、想選擇自己有興趣的工作、為了充實生活，、補貼退休金收入、為了探索嚐新，以及回饋國家社會；2. 在學習方面，再就業過程中伴隨豐富的學習歷程，中高齡男性退休者主要會藉由非正式學習：自我導向學習以及經驗學習，從橋接工作中以及生活中的體驗觀察，或請教別人、上網搜尋、參閱書籍，或諮詢相關單位，來獲得工作上所需要的專業知能、經營管理、科技技能，以及行銷的方法；3. 在障礙方面，中高齡男性退休者在學習上的障礙，主要為此人生階段已經不允許投入一些需要較長學習時程的專業領域，另外還有缺乏學習動機，以及學習效果不佳；4.再就業方面的障礙，最主要為老化的體力限制、缺乏專業知識、工作權限變少、從事某些領域的起步時間太晚、工作型態環境改變、專業不被尊重、收入不穩定，以及無法全心投入；5.在益處方面，中高齡男性退休者在再就業與學習的歷程中，獲得很大的成就感，以及自我成長，拓展自己的人際關係，能夠靈活的運用時間，生活變得更充實，又能增加收入，還能將自己的成果與他人分享，回饋社會，提升他們對退休生活的滿意度。
根據上述研究結果，針對男性中高齡退休者、機構人資發展部門、政府政策，以及後續研究提出建議，以為參考。

關鍵字

橋接聘雇 ； 再就業 ； 退休中高齡男性 ； 漸進式退休

並列摘要

The baby boomer generation has entered into the retirement stage of life. How is the process of their transfer from full time working to full time leisure? What learning processes are generated in such transfer? And what are the obstacles that they faced? “Bridge employment” as a phased retirement style has been ongoing for many years in many countries. How is it implemented in Taiwan? In this qualitative research, semi-structured interviews were conducted for 9 middle aged and older retired males, 45 years old and above, to understand the re-employment process and learning experiences after retirement.
Based on the analysis from the collected data, the findings of this study were: 1) The motivation for participation of middle aged and older males in bridge jobs were the following: extending their careers, network referrals, retaining posts, personal preferences, enriching life, pension income subsidy, exploring something new, and giving back to society; 2) With respect to learning, there were bountiful learning processes along with the re-employment processes. The non-formal learning was the primary learning mode that the participants adopted, including self-directed learning and experiential learning by means of observations from bridge jobs or daily living, consulting others or relevant agencies, and searching websites and books, in order to obtain the required professional knowledge and abilities, business management, technology, and marketing; 3) In dealing with learning obstacles, the main obstacle was the time limitation of the participants’ stage in life. The current life stage cannot allow them to learn certain professional skills that require a long term learning process. Besides, the lack of learning motivation, and ineffective learning outcome also created learning obstacles; 4) The obstacles of re-employment were: the physical limitations of aging, lack of professional knowledge, reduced work privileges, late starts for certain fields, changing of work types and environments, disrespect for specialties, unstable incomes, and the inability to be devoted to work; 5)Regarding benefits, the participants received a great sense of accomplishment through the re-employment processes, personal growth, expanding interpersonal relationships, using time flexibly, enriching life, increasing income, sharing achievements with others, contributing to the community, and enhancing satisfaction with retirement life.
According to the results of this study, the author then presented the suggestions as references for the middle aged and older retired males, HRD of organizations, governmental policies, and succeeding researches.

並列關鍵字

bridge employment ； re-employment ； middle aged and older retired male ； phased retirement

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