- 學位論文
高健康焦慮者在健康焦慮操弄下的注意偏誤特徵：以健康威脅圖片為焦點
Attentional Bias in the High Health Anxiety Individual under Manipulation of Health Anxiety: Focus on the Health Threat Pictures
摘要
健康焦慮（Health anxiety）指個體因為錯誤解釋自己的身體感覺，而極端或不適宜的害怕自己會生病。常見的行為特徵為反覆尋求醫療再保證(Reassurance-seeking)，常造成醫療資源的浪費並導致自身情緒困擾。過去對健康焦慮的病理理論指出，高健康焦慮者對威脅訊息的注意偏誤(Attentional biases)為健康焦慮持續及惡化的重要因子(Williams, 2004)。然而目前關於高健康焦慮者的注意偏誤僅有有限的研究。且對於高健康焦慮者對健康威脅刺激的注意偏誤，是否需要激發對健康的擔心才會出現，結果並不一致。本研究由大學生樣本中，挑選出低健康焦慮及高健康焦慮受試者，並分別接受降低(正常回饋)或激發(病態回饋)擔心健康的操弄(低健康焦慮-病態回饋組41人、低健康焦慮-正常回饋組44人、高健康焦慮-病態回饋組20人、及高健康焦慮-正常回饋組22人)，以點偵測作業於操弄前後測量個體的注意偏誤型態。研究結果上，本研究為第一個研究發現不同性別對於健康威脅刺激有不同的注意偏誤型態。其中，整體女性對健康威脅刺激有注意逃避，而整體男性對健康威脅刺激則有注意偏誤。此外，本研究也為第一篇發現高健康焦慮女性對健康威脅訊息有注意逃避的型態。此一結果符合針對特質焦慮者注意偏誤所提出的警覺-逃避模式(Mogg, Mathews, & Weinman, 1987)，也驗證了高健康焦慮與高特質焦慮有類似的注意偏誤型態。最後，本研究發現給予高健康焦慮女性正常回饋的生理檢測報告，會使其擔心健康及緊張的程度下降，並且對健康威脅訊息的注意逃避會更趨明顯。此一歷程驗證了高健康焦慮者的醫療再保證行為，在注意歷程上，醫療再保證會使高健康焦慮者更缺乏習慣化健康威脅刺激的機會，而增加其長期的健康焦慮。
並列摘要
Health anxiety(HA) is individuals’ misinterpretation of bodily and physical symptoms, and overwhelmed fears that having a serious disease. The common feature is they constantly have medical reassurance-seeking, what causes individuals emotional disturbance, and also wastes medical resources. Previous researches and theories suggested that attentional-biases is crucial for maintain or worsen of HA (Williams, 2004). However, there are limited researches for the individuals with attentional-biases of HA currently, as well as have inconsistent results of high attentional-biases of HA needs triggers to stimulate worries or not. In this research, the author recruited 85 voluntarily college students, divided into high HA and low HA groups, and randomly arrange them to receive trigger HA level task (abnormal feedback) or reduce HA level task (normal feedback). There are 41 high HA participants had receive abnormal feedback, 44 high HA participants had receive normal feedback, 20 low HA participants had receive abnormal feedback, and 22 low HA participants had receive normal feedback. After that, the author used the dot-probe task to determine the type of attentional-biases for checking before and after the manipulation of HA level. The result of this study indicates that genders would affect attentional-biases type. Among this, the females demonstrated attentional-avoidance to health threat pictures, and the males presented attentional-biases to health threat pictures. Moreover, this study result is the first finding of high HA females demonstrated attentional-avoidance to the health threat pictures. This result is consist with the Vigilance–Avoidance Theory (Mogg et al., 1987), that indicate the attentional-biases on high trait anxiety individuals, as well as prove the individuals with high HA have the same attentional-biases pattern with high trait anxiety individuals. In conclusion, this study shows that when the females with high HA receiving normal feedback can reduce the level of worrisome of health issue, then apparently present attentional-avoidance to the health threat pictures. Furthermore, this research confirms that the individuals with high HA individuals have reassurance-seeking behavior; In the attentional process, the individuals’ reassurance-seeking behavior would decrease their opportunities for exposing to health threat stimulus, what would increase the chances for becoming the long-term HA.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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