隨著科技的進步,環境汙染情況也越來越嚴重,國際間早已開始推動環保規範,首推歐盟於2003年通過有害物質限用(RoHS) 指令與廢棄電子電機設備 (WEEE) 指令等環保相關指令,要求所有在歐盟市場之10大類電機電子產品製造商與供應商需付回收與再利用責任,許多國際大廠也紛紛自訂類似規範。事實上不只實務界關注此議題,綠色供應鏈在學術界同樣已經是熱門的研究主題。 台灣政府涉入綠色供應鏈中資源回收是採行「課稅」與「補貼」的兩階段政策,然而其執行兩階段政策的成效令人質疑,例如2013年廢照明光源資源回收管理基金虧損超過三億四千萬台幣。為了提升綠色政策執行績效以達到環境永續,政府應該修正現行政策或甚至考慮其他政策。 本研究構建了兩個綠色供應鏈模式,分別為台灣原有的政府營運系統及國際其他國家採用的製造商營運系統,分別制定出兩模式之最適決策,並進行兩模式的比較。值得注意的是,本研究所提出之模式除了考量廠商獲利以外,同時兼顧政府收支平衡與對環境的影響,以達到社會福利最大。,主要研究結果顯示,製造商營運系統的社會福利比政府營運系統的社會福利更高。且在政府營運系統中,提高一單位汙染費使得產品產量下降的幅度會超過提高一單位補貼金使產量上升的幅度。本研究所得結果可提供學術界後續研究與政府選擇最適當涉入政策之參考。
Since the advances in technology, environmental pollution is getting worse. Environmental laws have been promoted in different countries. EU announced RoHs and WEEE directives in 2003, these directives required that all manufacturers and suppliers within 10 classes of electrical and electronic products should take the responsibilities of collecting and reusing their products. Many international companies have also made similar rules by themselves. In addition, Green Supply Chain (GSC) is a popular topic for many researchers. The recycling policy of government involvement in Taiwan is Two-part instrument (2PI), which means the government imposes subsidy and disposal fees. However, people have a query about 2PI. For example, the foundation of recycling waste lighting had lost more than three hundred million NT dollars in 2013. The government should consider revising the original policy or using other policies to enhance the operational effect of GSC and achieve environmental sustainability. The research established two GSC model: tax model in Taiwan and rate model in other countries. Then, the research set up the optimal decision in two models. Finally, the research compared tax model with rate model. The Purpose of this research is to maximize Social Welfare (SW), which involves company’s profit, government foundation, and the environmental impact. These results could be a reference to government when selecting optimal recycling policy. According to the research results, SW in rate model is higher than SW in tax model. Besides, the scale of decrease in product quantity when the research increase one unit of disposal fee is more than the scale of increase in product quantity when the research increase one unit of subsidy fee.