摘要 台灣雖然在2000年2月成立海域執法專責機關「行政院海岸巡防署」,惟該署之主要任務,係負責維護海域及海岸秩序,其職掌雖及於海洋環境保護、海上救難、海域及海岸資源保護利用之事項,現階段仍難將之定位為整體海洋事務之主管機關。2001 年 2 月《行政院組織法》修正後,行政院將成立「海洋委員會」來負責統籌、協調各部會海洋事務,該委員會不僅是一個政策把關的機關,它還具有振興海洋產業發展、促進國家海洋權益等「興利」的功能與作用。不過海洋事務涵蓋甚廣,目前相關權責仍分散於十餘個中央部、會,彼此不相隸屬,加上本位主義作祟,海洋委員會是否能發揮中央相關部會間橫向整合及中央與地方的縱向協調能力,是該委員會將面臨的重大挑戰。 本論文從台灣面臨周邊海域情勢日益複雜的外在因素及地方政府面對紛雜海洋事務的內在因素等二個層面,探究為何台灣需要成立海洋專責事務組織,再進一步檢視我國海洋事務管理組織之發展歷程,分析現行海洋事務之管理體制以瞭解其問題所在,提供台灣海洋事務機關施政之參考。
Abstract Taiwan established Coast Guard Administration in February 2000 to specifically take charge of marine law enforcement. It is responsible for maintaining the orders of ocean and offshore including marine environment conservation, marine rescue and affairs of using and protecting marine and coast resources, but at this stage it is still hard to categorize it as a competent authority for marine affairs. According to amendment of Organic Act of the Executive Yuan made in February 2010, Executive Yuan will establish “Ocean Affairs Council” to handle and coordinate marine affairs in different departments. It plays not only the role of policies examiner but also the functions of developing marine industry and making best use of the advantages, for example, the promotion of nation’s marine interests and rights. But marine affairs concern a wild range of businesses, its power and responsibilities at the moment are still divided up in dozens of central departments and sections which are not subordinated to each other. In addition, the sectionalism is considered as a major obstacle, affecting the horizontal integration of relevant central governmental departments and vertical communication between central and local departments. In this paper, the waters surrounding Taiwan situation facing increasingly complex external factors and local governments face confused ocean affairs, internal factors, such as two-level, Explore why Taiwan needs to set up marine specail organizations view further course of development of China's marine affairs management organization, Analysis of existing marine affairs management system in order to understand their problems, Provide Taiwan Ocean affairs organs of governance reference.