- 學位論文
公務員懲戒與懲處制度之研究-以釋字第583號解釋為中心
Research discipline and punishment system of the civil service - Focused J.Y.Interpretation No.583
摘要
本文主要係以釋字第583號解釋作為案例事實，探究公務員懲戒與懲處制度之演變及缺失，從以往公務員因為受特別權力關係學說理論影響，不能與一般人民一樣享有一般的權力，受一些法規及特別的限制，探究公務員與國家間的法律關係，即特別權力關係之源起、建立、特徵及演變等。 公務員懲戒與懲處制度雖是不同制度，但因皆係對公務員所為之處分，亦皆有先行停止職務之規定，概以處分機關、處分事由、處分種類、處分程序及救濟程序等皆有不同，更有懲戒與懲處競合之問題。另外，從釋字第187、396及491號等多號解釋中探討公務員權利及救濟制度之演變，再從釋字第583號解釋檢討公務員之免職處分及懲戒權行使期間等問題。 而公務員懲戒法自民國74年修正公布迄今已近30年，隨著時勢變遷，自有重新通盤檢討並予與修正之空間及迫切性，而公務人員考績法於民國75年制定時，公務員與國家間之關係，仍處於特別權力關係之下，雖歷經大法官多號闡釋，應本於正當法律程序之原則，並力求正當程序實踐之意旨，對於公務員之違法失職行為所為之處分，及不利處分之理由、法令及依據等，仍待有更明確之規範，因此，完備且充分之公務員保障制度，至今仍未見實現，因此本文最後從相關法制如考績丙等、懲戒之究責期限及懲處時效等修法方向進而檢討並提出建議。
並列摘要
This paper mainly to J. Y. Interpretation No.583 as a case facts, explore the evolution and lack of discipline and punishment system of the civil service, civil servants from the past, because that particular theory affect power relations theory, and the general population can not enjoy the same powers in general, subject to some regulations and special restrictions, explore the legal relationship between the civil service and state that the source of power relations in particular, within the establishment, characteristics and evolution and so on. Civil discipline and punishment system although different systems, but are civil servants whom the Department of sanctions, Beijing and Taipei have prescribed duties of the first stop, almost to the disciplinary agency, the subject of punishment, punishment type, disciplinary procedures and relief programs also have a different, more disciplinary problems competing with the punishment. In addition, explore the evolution of civil rights and relief system from J. Y. Interpretation No.187,396 and 491 etc., and then J. Y. Interpretation No. 583 review dismissal of civil servants the right to dispose of and disciplinary problems. The Republic of China 74 years civil service disciplinary law amendments published nearly 30 years so far, with the changes of the times, its own comprehensive review and re-amended to space and urgency, while civil servants appraisal Act was enacted in 1986 and the self, civil servants and relations between countries remains under the special power relations, though after much number interpretation Justice shall present to the principles of due process of law, due process and seeks intention Practice, for dereliction of duty for the law of the civil servants whom the action, and reasons for adverse disposition, decrees and basis so the specification has yet to have a clearer, so complete and full of the civil protection system, has yet to see realized, this article from the relevant legal system, such as the final appraisal C class, disciplinary responsibility of the study period amending the law to punish aging, such as the direction and then review and make recommendations.