以質譜法分析 (一)尿液蛋白之硝化與亞硝化的修飾；(二)乙二醛與甲基乙二醛對於人體血液中血紅蛋白的修飾；(三)乙二醛誘導形成的DNA交聯產物

Mass spectrometric analysis of (1) nitrated and nitrosylated human urinary proteins, (2) glyoxal- and methylglyoxal-induced modifications of human hemoglobin, and (3) glyoxal-induced DNA cross-links.

蕭瓊鳳(Hsiao chiungfeng)

指導教授 ： 陳皓君

國立中正大學/理學院/化學暨生物化學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

人體在發炎反應下會產生大量的一氧化氮，一氧化氮會快速地與超氧負離子
結合形成具有強氧化能力的過氧亞硝酸根負離子，他會與蛋白質反應造成胺基酸
殘基的硝化與亞硝化。在本研究中，利用抗硝基酪胺酸之免疫親和性沉澱管柱進
行硝化蛋白的純化，再以最佳化的奈升流速液相層析條件搭配奈電噴灑游離直線
式離子阱質譜法進行蛋白質的身分鑑定。在 5 個第四期口腔癌患者、14 個正常
人的尿液樣品，共鑑定出 46 個硝化蛋白與 67 個亞硝化蛋白，其中有 5 個硝化蛋
白和 3 個亞硝化蛋白重複在 2 個樣品以上被鑑定到。
乙二醛與甲基乙二醛是具有反應性的 α-雙羧基醛，會與蛋白質發生反應，造
成蛋白質胺基酸殘基的修飾。此研究中，我們分別將乙二醛、甲基乙二醛與人類
血紅蛋白反應，然後以質譜儀分析搭配蛋白質資料庫的比對，再篩選出符合條件
之修飾胜肽。共鑑定出 10 個可能的乙二醛誘導形成之修飾，以及 8 個甲基乙二
醛誘導形成之修飾胜肽。真實樣品部分，比較糖尿病患者與正常人血液中血紅蛋
白的修飾情形， 發現乙二醛誘導形成之 α-Lys-16 、 α-Arg-92 、 β-Lys-17 和 β-Lys-66
這四個位置上的修飾含量在糖尿病患者體內明顯高於正常人。而甲基乙二醛誘導
形成之 α-Arg-92 位置的修飾含量也有相同的情形。
文獻指出乙二醛和甲基乙二醛在糖尿病患者體內容度高於正常人，且他們又
是誘導性突變物質，會與生物分子反應。其中，乙二醛會與 DNA 反應造成 DNA
交聯產物，如 dG-gx-dA 和 dG-gx-dC 。在此研究，我們利用奈升流速極致效能液
相層析奈電噴灑串聯式質譜法 (nanoUPLC-NSI/MS/MS)，分析 9 個糖尿病患者
血液中交聯產物含量，發現糖尿病患者體內 dG-gx-dA 或 dG-gx-dC 的含量相較
於正常人都有明顯的增加。

關鍵字

甲基乙二醛 ； 乙二醛 ； 口腔癌 ； 糖尿病 ； 質譜 ； DNA 交聯產物

並列摘要

Nitric oxide is over-produced during inflammatory processes, and it reacts
with superoxide anion to form peroxynitrite, resulting in the nitration of proteins.
In this study, an immunoaffinity column was used to enrich nitrated and
nitrosylated proteins in human urine prior to trypsin digestion. The peptides
were analyzed on a nanoflow liquid chromatography nanospray ionization
linear ion trap mass spectrometry and SEQUEST database searching to
identify the sequence and modification sites. We analyzed the urine samples
from five 4th stage oral cancer patientsand fourteen normal individuala. Five
out of 46 nitrated proteins and 3 out of 67 nitrosylated proteins were identified
in more than 2 samples.
Glyoxal and methylglyoxal also react with proteins, resulting in the
modifications of proteins at lysine and arginine residues. In this study, we use
glyoxal and methylglyoxal to treat hemoglobin, and the sites of modifications
were characterized by LTQ. We have identified 18 possible modifications,
including 10 glyoxal- and 8 methylglyoxal-induced modifications. Compare to
the non-diabetics, diabetes mellitus patients have significantly higher levels of
glyoxal-induced modified peptides at α-Lys-16, α-Arg-92, β-Lys-17, β-Lys-66,
and methylglyoxal-induced modified peptide at α-Arg-92.
Research indicates that the concentrations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in
diabetes mellitus patients are higher than in non-diabetics. Glyoxal and
methylglyoxal are mutagens and react with biological molecules. Glyoxal reacts
with DNA to generate DNA crosslinked products, including dG-gx-dA and
dG-gx-dC. In this study, we analyzed dG-gx-dA and dG-gx-dC adducts in
diabetes mellitus patients by stable isotope dilution nanoflow ultra performance
liquid chromatography nanospray ionization tandem mass spectromet ry
(nanoUPLC-NSI/MS/MS) and compared them to non-diabetics. Using 50 g
DNA, levels of dG-gxdC and dG-gx-dA are 1.83 ± 1.18 and 2.30 ± 0.57 in 10
8
normal nucleotides, respectively, in 9 diabetes mellitus patients’ leukocyte DNA,
higher than those in non-diabetics.

並列關鍵字

glyoxal ； Mass ； DNA cross-links ； methylglyoxal

參考文獻

Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104 (51), 20612-20617.

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