從實驗室引發的攻擊反應來探討青少年暴力行為

Understanding adolescent aggressive behavior：clues from the brain’s response to laboratory-induced aggression.

邱重儒(Chung-Ru Chiou)

指導教授 ： 陳巧雲

國立中正大學/教育學院/犯罪防治學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

暴力犯罪對社會所造成的傷害與危險是不容小覷的，暴力行為的發生可能是跟抑制控制歷程出現問題有關。為了瞭解攻擊行為的背後成因，本研究結合泰勒攻擊行為作業(Taylor aggression paradigm, TAP)與腦波儀，設計出能直接引發受試者攻擊的情境及情緒反應，目的是想從有實驗室設計的社會脈絡中，藉由操控「輸贏的比例」以及「懲罰的高低」，來瞭解暴力青少年與一般少年在抑制控制及情緒衝突監控上的差異。本研究的對象包括反應型暴力犯罪青少年（實驗組）、非暴力犯罪青少年（對照組1）以及一般青少年（對照組2）。

泰勒攻擊行為作業的行為結果發現，實驗組給對手懲罰的分數顯著高於對照組1以及對照組2。在進行作業時的第一次試驗，即未有對手挑釁的情境下，實驗組給對手懲罰的分數亦顯著高於對照組1以及對照組2。分析各組在給予對手懲罰分數的比例，實驗組給高分懲罰(5-8分)的比例顯著高於兩對照組，實驗組給低分(1-4分)的比例顯著低於兩對照組。

腦波結果發現，實驗組的在決定階段的N2振幅顯著小於兩組對照組，表示抑制能力可能較差，而DRN三組則無顯著差異。結果階段的FRN差異波振幅實驗組與對照組2達到顯著，表示實驗組的在情感同理方面較差，說明暴力青少年在解決認知以及情緒上的衝突，或是評估社會情境來調控抑制的能力較一般人弱。

關鍵字

N2 ； 抑制控制 ； 泰勒攻擊行為作業 ； DRN ； FRN

並列摘要

Violent offenses often cause very serious problems and dangers to society. This type of behavior is often ascribed to problems with the processes involved in inhibitory control. In this study, a Taylor Aggression Task was used to examine the effects of aggressive situations and emotions on inhibitory control in adolescents who show reactive aggression.

The experiment was designed with a manipulation of the proportion of win and loses and the degree of punishment in order to try to produce a social context in the laboratory. The Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPAQ) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were used to measure the subjects’ aggression types and their degree of impulsive behavior. The participants included impulsive violent adolescent offenders (experimental group), non-violent adolescent offenders (control group 1) and normal adolescents (control group 2).

The RPAQ and BIS showed that the scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of control groups. The behavioral data from the Taylor Aggression Task showed that the experimental group gave more punishment than did control groups 1 and 2. The punishment score for the first trial, which involved no provocation, was higher for the experimental group than for the controls. Analyzing the proportion of punishment scores, the percentage of high punishment scores (score 5-8) in the experimental group was larger than in the two control groups while the reverse was true for the low punishment scores.

The N2 amplitude of the experimental group was significant lower the matched controls. There was no significant difference in DRN among three groups. The FRN amplitude of experimental group was significant higher than the control group 2. The violent adolescents may have a deficit in solving cognitive and emotional conflict and in evaluating social context for the modification of inhibitory control.

並列關鍵字

N2 ； inhibition control ； Taylor Aggression Task ； DRN ； FRN

參考文獻

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