在全球市場競爭下,集團進行國際化策略勢在必行,回顧過去國內外有關國際化地點的文獻,甚少學者注意到為何有些國家市場距離大需面對高風險,但集團企業仍願意前往。此外,有關市場距離之文獻多著墨於距離帶來的營運結果,甚少探討為何管理者會選擇進入市場距離大的海外地點。因此,本研究試圖探討影響台灣集團企業前往距離大海外市場之原因,補足海外市場地點選擇與市場距離的研究缺口。 本研究採用中華徵信所台灣三百大集團資料庫,彙整出2006年至2012年共101家集團年度資料,分別以外部產業環境、公司行為要素與核心人物特質角度,探討集團選擇地離距離、文化距離和體制距離大海外市場之原因,另外,亦納入多角化經驗探討其調節角色。研究結果顯示:(1)環境複雜性與海外投資地理、文化距離大海外市場呈反向關係;(2)環境動態性與海外投資地理、文化距離大海外市場呈反向關係;(3)集團績效落差與海外投資地理、文化、體制距離大海外市場呈正向關係;(4)集團關鍵核心人物為家族成員與海外投資地理、文化、體制距離大海外市場呈正向關係;(5)多角化經驗強化集團複雜性與海外投資地理、文化、體制距離大海外市場的反向關係。
Business groups go international because of competition from the world. Review past studies about the international location choices, a few scholars have noticed why some business groups are willing to go to the country with long distance and high risks. Besides, the studies about the market distance are focus on the result of running business on the long distance locations. A few studies investigate why managers decide to enter the long distance locations. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the reason making business groups in Taiwan to invest the long distance market and to fill the gap between the choices of overseas markets and market distance. This study was based on data collected from China Credit Information Service top 300 business groups. The sample was tested hypotheses by using longitudinal data(2006-2012) from 101 group companies. Independent variables include industry environment, behavioral theory of the firm and managers characteristics to investigate why business groups go investing the overseas markets with high geographical distance, cultural distance or institutional distance. Moreover, this study uses diversification experience as moderating variable and finds the relationship between diversification experience and industry environments. The result indicate: (1)The environment complexity present a negative relationship with investing high geographical distance and cultural distance. (2)The environment dynamism present a negative relationship with investing high geographical distance and cultural distance. (3)The slack of business groups present a positive relationship with investing high geographical distance, cultural distance and institutional distance. (4)The key character of the business groups is family member presenting the positive relationship with investing high geographical distance, cultural distance and institutional distance. (5) Diversification experience enforces the negative relationship between environment complexity and high geographical distance, cultural distance and institutional distance market.