身心障礙者從事電傳勞動工作之研究

Telework Research in Disability Employment

鄧宇珍(Yu-Chen Teng)

指導教授 ： 馬財專

國立中正大學/社會科學院/勞工關係學研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

現今世界的科技、電腦網路與電子通訊設備日益發達，而科技發展對於勞動就業，產生負面效應之疑慮，即「科技取代人力」。1970年代，美國發展出非典型工作型態：電傳勞動，新型態的就業模式解決通勤、空氣汙染等問題，且創造就業機會，電傳勞動工作模式更為美國政府積極推廣；而於2003年的台灣，政府以相關措施協助身心障礙者透過電傳勞動工作模式進入職場。本研究旨在探究，電傳勞動工作能否做為身心障礙者之合理調適方案；甚創造新的就業模式，提供身心障礙者，多元的就業選擇；而政府「居家工作協助」方案，又如何影響身心障礙者，選擇電傳勞動工作就業。
本文將以文獻回顧，探究非典型工作型態，即電傳勞動工作的發展脈絡，與其應用情況，遂而探悉身心障礙者社會排除與就業安全議題，試圖尋求多元就業方案，以身心障礙者從事電傳勞動工作，透過國內執行案例與美國實際運作情形瞭解。研究採取質化之半結構訪談法，共計11位：3位身心障礙電傳勞動者、4位就業者、3位失業與有工作能力但未尋職者、1位規劃「居家工作協助」方案之人員。
研究結果指出:
一、電傳勞動工作雖可做為身心障礙者，就業之合理調適方案，但仍須更健全之社會保障制度，避免勞動者就業不安定感；
二、若欲將電傳勞動工作，視為身心障礙者積極的勞動市場政策，與互利的就業措施，須使社會與勞動市場之供需雙方，對此工作模式有更多的認識；
三、政府「居家工作協助」方案，其中保障身心障礙者從事電傳勞動工作，而為體現社會融合之價值，於各項身心障礙者就業措施中，為最次要選擇之就業方案。非所限定之對象，即無法參與該方案，影響其積極參與就業政策措施。

綜上本研究之結論，提出相關政策建議:
一、電傳勞動工作模式做為身心障礙者之合理調適方案，應有健全的社會保障制度；
二、欲增加身心障礙者從事電傳勞動工作，提升就業量能，即須增強社會大眾對於電傳勞動工作之認知觀念；
三、「居家工作協助」方案之適用對象，應將主導權交予身心障礙者。

關鍵字

身心障礙者 ； 電傳勞動 ； 居家工作協助 ； 合理調適方案 ； 就業

並列摘要

The world's science and technology, computer networks and electronic communication devices have increasingly developed. The science and technology development has caused negative effects for employment, "science and technology replace the human." Since 1970, the United States developed atypical work patterns, Telework, which can solve commute, air pollution and other problems. Moreover, telework can create job opportunities that can be actively promoted by the U.S. government. Since 2003, Taiwan’s government has assisted people with disabilities into the workplace through telework.
This study aimed to explore, telework can be a reasonable accommodation program to suit the disabled. The creation of new employment patterns provide to disabled diverse employment options. In addition, how the government’s "Work-at-Home Program for Disabled" affects disabilities to employ telework.
This paper will review the literature, including exploring atypical work patterns such as development and application of telework. It will then try to ascertain how disabilities confront the social exclusion and job security issues. However, in trying to find multi-employment development plan, whether disabilities employ telework and study the actual operation situation in Taiwan and the USA.
The study adopts qualitative semi-structured interviews, the subjects were 11 persons, which included 3 disability teleworkers, 4 employed, 3 unemployed or having ability to work but did not seek a job, and 1 "Work-at-Home Program for Disabled" planner.
The study concluded that, firstly, although telework can be a reasonable accommodation program for disabilities, we need more robust system of social security to avoid precarious and insecure employment. Secondly, disabilities work telework, which may be the active labor market policies to create the win-win situation, so the supply and demand sides of the labor market need more understanding about the new working pattern, telework. Lastly, “Work-at-Home Program for Disabled” guarantees disabilities to telework, which reflect the value of social inclusion. Besides, it was in order to select the most minor employment programs in the disabled employment measures. Therefore, if he is non-being objects defined, he won’t able to participate in this program.
In summary, I will argue the three following conclusions; first, as a reasonable accommodation program of disabilities, which have a complete social security system. Second, if you want to increase the employment of disabilities, the public awareness needs to enhance concept of the telework. Finally, “Work-at-Home Program for Disabled” is suitable for disabilities, but the initiative should be returned to them..

並列關鍵字

employment ； reasonable accommodation program ； Work-at-Home Program for Disabled ； disabled ； telework

參考文獻

朱柔若、孫碧霞（2008），對抗社會排除：歐盟政策檢討，國家與社會，5：99-157。

吳秀照（2007），台中縣身心障礙者就業需求：排除社會障礙的就業政策探討，11（2）:149-196，台中縣政府2003-2004年委託研究。

李易駿（2006），社會排除：流行或挑戰，社會政策與社會工作學刊，10（1）:1-47。

李健鴻（2007），台灣勞動市場的“彈性”與“安全”：國際比較分析，國家與社會，2:215-259。

李碧涵（2002），勞動體制的發展－全球化下的挑戰與改革，社會政策與社會工作學刊，6（1）：185-219。