消防救災標準作業程序與國家賠償責任之研究

The standard operation procedures of fire rescue and a study of the state compensatory liability

李燕青(YEN-CHING LEE)

指導教授 ： 黃俊杰

國立中正大學/管理學院/會計資訊與法律數位學習碩士在職專班/碩士(2015年)

摘要

本文主要研究以「一般火災發生搶救標準作業程序」為主軸，從個案中探討大法官釋字第469號解釋援引德國「保護規範理論」學說在司法實務判決中多以作為行為來判斷，是否構成國家賠償法第2條第2項之「怠於執行職務」之標準？其中作為、不作為之間認定，而衍生國家賠償責任問題，是否具有本質上的疑義有無改善之可能，並建議當局在研擬消防救災標準作業程有更多探討檢視的空間，在未來發展願景上，能夠強化預防概念，讓整個組織運作上更趨周詳，建立一個防災城市且能夠面對災害更靈活的國家，實為本論文之核心。
　　首先第二章以法規範下之消防救災標準作業程序，簡略介紹消防機關組織沿革及作用，研究範圍則以消防救災標準作業程序與法律性質之探討為主，分析消防人員執勤義務與法律責任；第三章針對「保護規範理論」來探討消防與國家賠償之責任，文中介紹保護規範理論定義、理論與演進發展，探討消防行政與國家賠償第2條第2項之關連性，進而針對實務界對公務員行使求償權依據及方法，檢視消防機關不作為認定標準，詳細介紹來確立處理國家賠案件責任問題之法理基礎；第四章則是從消防救災機關與國家賠償責任之間，找到一個國家機關與人民之間雙贏的局面，藉由消防救災標準作業程序深入檢視訓練紮根落實，進而成立專業消防救災的鑑定委員會，從消防機關的角度強化消防救災之本職學能，到建立人民防災預防的概念，除了能夠確保消防人員在未來救災上能夠更靈活地應變運用，強化救災品質及效率，進而提升人民對救災過程與結果的信任，降低國家賠償適用的發生率；最後的結論與建議，將各章節所探討出來的結論，建立一個完整的體系，讓每章節的研究能夠連結，用歸納方式提出具建設性之建議，提供消防機關執行勤務參考價值，並喚起消防機關在制定各項救災標準作業程序時，能夠酌予考量法律層面的問題，進而提升執行勤務正確的責任觀念。

關鍵字

不作為 ； 國家賠償 ； 消防救災標準作業程序 ； 保護規範

並列摘要

This study investigating the discussion of J. Y. Interpretation No.469 which bases on “Fire rescue standard operation procedure” and the quotations of “Schutznormtheorie” are usually judged by the act in the empirical judgement of Administration of Justice, in order to discriminate whether it constitutes the standers of “omission” at the 2nd paragraph in the 2nd article of State Compensation Law.
Whether the discrimination which derived the liability of the State Compensation Law between act and omission has equipped the possibility of improvement in the essential doubt or not and advising the government to have more space between exploration and inspection on making the Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) of fire rescue, to be able to strengthen the precautionary concept making the organization campaign more distributed in the future vision of development, and to create the disaster -prevented city and the country facing the disaster more flexibly are the essential cores of this study.
Chapter 2 briefly describes the organization history and function of fire authority under regulation of the standard operating procedure of fire rescue. The scope of this study for research mainly investigates the SOPs of fire rescue, legal nature, analysis of obligations for firefighters and their duties.
Chapter 3 focuses on “Protective Regulation Theory” investigating the State Compensation Law to fire authority. The definition and development of “Protective Regulation Theory” is mentioned in this chapter for investigating the correlation between fire department administration and State Compensation Law. Furthermore, by taking the perspective of practitioners on civil servants exercise subrogation rights into consideration exams the criterion of omission to fire authority to make sure the foundation of the law of coping with the liability of the state compensation cases . From the fire and rescue authority and obligation of state compensation, Chapter 4 focuses on the win-win solution between organs of state and people. It’s also established a professional rescue and fire investigation committee by means of the following SOPs of fire and rescue. In the views of fire authorities, From the skills about the fire rescue to the concept set up for the people’s disaster-prevention are able to make the firefighters’ work more efficiently and also able to enhance the rescue quality in the near future. Meanwhile the civils definitely will be more confident to the process and result for the technical rescue.
And the final conclusion and suggestion are the following:
1.Using the conclusions discussed in every chapter to create the integrated systems makes the connection with the summaries among every chapter.
2.Proposing the constructive suggestions via the inductive methods supposes the valid references when the fire department is in the duties.
3.It also reminds the fire department to be able to slightly take the law fields into the consideration when legislating every SOPs of rescue.
4.Using the problem which is slightly considered in law fields elevates the accurate concepts of liabilities when operating the duties.

並列關鍵字

,Protective regulation theory ； Omission ； State Compensation Law ； Fire rescue standard operation procedure

參考文獻

7.李鴻源，台灣如何成為一流國家，臺北，時報文化出版企業股份有限公司，2015年1月27日。

5.陳文豐（2004），論立法不作為之國家賠償責任。

7.蔡慶星（2002），論消防行政不作為之國家賠償責任，中央警察大學。

4.李惠宗，立法行為之國家賠償責任之研究，法學叢刊第139期。

17.蔡宗珍，公務員怠於執行職務之國家賠償責任理論結構之探討，收錄於臺灣本土法學雜誌，第1期。